KINEMATIC QUANTITIES (Autosaved)

KINEMATIC
QUANTITIES
HONEYLEN MAE B. CASABUENA
Instructor
MECHANICS
• Is basically the study of motion.
TWO GENERAL PARTS
Is the mathematical
•Kinematics description of
motion.
•Dynamics Is the study of the
causes of motion.
DISTANCE
• The fundamental concept in describing the motion of object
is position.
location of a body in
space with reference
to a fixed point.
• Distance- it is the length of the path the body has taken.

• The SI unit for distance is meter.
• The initial position of the moving object is usually set to 0 m to
serve as the reference point.
EXAMPLE: If you walk a distance of 30m in a straight line path
from you house to your school, you are 30 m away from your
initial position.
30m
Distance- is also defined as the total length of path taken by the
body.
40 m
10m
30m
TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED IS: 30m +

10m + 40m = 80 m
DISPLACEMENT
• Defined as the shortest length between the initial position

and the final position of an object.
• Displacement- is a vector quantity, it is usually expressed in
terms of both magnitude and direction.
• An arrow is placed on top of a symbol for displacement
such as d to denote its vector nature.

EXAMPLE 1
• FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

Dara runs 3miles south, then turn around and runs 4
miles north.
EXAMPLE 2

Mauro runs 30 km north, 30 km west, and then 30 km
south.
EXAMPLE 3

Mika Ela spins around 5 times without moving in any
direction. What was the total displacement?
EXAMPLE 4
FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

A bird flies directly east for 20 km, then turns to the north
and flies for another 10km before dodging a flock of geese.
SPEED AND
VELOCITY
In ordinary conversations, speed and velocity are often used
interchangeably.
In physics, there is a clear distinction between these two

concepts. To differentiate speed from velocity, consider the
following situations.
SPEED AND
VELOCITY
A car from the garage is moving to north along a straight
highway and stops after 1 hour for refuelling at a gasoline
station 80 km away from where it started. How will you
describe the motion of the car?
SPEED AND
VELOCITY
• The rate of motion of the car is 80 km in one hour, northward.
• The above statement can be expressed in a shorter way as

80km/hr, northward. This represents the velocity of the car.
• The speed of the car is 80km/hr.

SPEED AND
VELOCITY
• Describing how fast or how slow a body moves is important.
• For example you can describe a moving car by its speed.
SPEED AND
VELOCITY
In Symbols,
Where d denotes the distance travelled for a time interval t.

SPEED AND
VELOCITY
• Common units used for speed are m/s, km/hr and ft/s.
• Speed is a scalar quantity because it is expressed only by its
magnitude.
• The speed is fast if a long distance was covered for a short time.
Likewise, the speed is slow when a short distance was travelled
for a long time.
AVERAGE SPEED AND
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
• A vehicle’s speed at a particular moment is called its

instantaneous speed
• On the other hand, average speed may be defined as the total

distance travelled divided by the time it took to travel this
distance.
EXAMPLE 1:
In the 1980s, one of Asia’s fastest

running women was a Filipino athlete
named Lydia De Vega. in the 100-
meter dash event in 1986 in Seoul,
South Korea, she clocked 11.53 s.
find the average speed.
VELOCITY
• Is the speed plus direction of motion.
• A change in velocity per unit of time is the acceleration of

an object.
VELOCITY
VELOCITY
WE CAN CHANGE THE VELOCITY OF SOMETHING

BY:
• Changing its speed only

• Changing its direction only
• Changing both its speed and direction
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
Calculate the average velocity at a particular time

interval of a particle if it is moves 5 m at 2 s and
15 m at 4s along x-axis?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:
You start walking from a point on a circular field

of a radius 0.5 km and 1 hour later you are at
the same point.
a) What is your average speed for the whole
journey?
b) What is your average velocity for the
whole journey?
ACCELERATION
• Is a measure of how fast or slow velocity changes.
• A body accelerates whenever there is a change in speed, a

change in direction, or a change in both speed and direction.
ACCELERATION
ACCELERATION
Where v and v0 are the final and initial

velocity, respectively, and t is the time
interval.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
As in the previous example, imagine Lydia de Vega attained a

speed of 6 m/s after 2 s from the start of the race. Solve the
following problems using the given information:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
a. What is her average acceleration during this time

interval?
b. Suppose she attained a speed of 10 m/s after 8 s from the
start of the race. What is her average acceleration during
the 2-to-8 second time interval?
c. Suppose at 8 s from the start of the race, she slows down
to a speed of 7 m/s for 2 s. What is her average
acceleration for this time interval?

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KINEMATIC

TWO GENERAL PARTS

• Distance- it is the length of the path the body has taken.

TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED IS: 30m +

• Defined as the shortest length between the initial position

such as d to denote its vector nature.

• FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

• FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

• FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

FIND THE DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF:

In physics, there is a clear distinction between these two

• The above statement can be expressed in a shorter way as

• The speed of the car is 80km/hr.

Where d denotes the distance travelled for a time interval t.

• A vehicle’s speed at a particular moment is called its

• On the other hand, average speed may be defined as the total

In the 1980s, one of Asia’s fastest

• Is the speed plus direction of motion.

• A change in velocity per unit of time is the acceleration of

WE CAN CHANGE THE VELOCITY OF SOMETHING

• Changing its speed only

Calculate the average velocity at a particular time

You start walking from a point on a circular field

• Is a measure of how fast or slow velocity changes.

• A body accelerates whenever there is a change in speed, a

Where v and v0 are the final and initial

As in the previous example, imagine Lydia de Vega attained a

a. What is her average acceleration during this time

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