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    Visualization Errors

    Uploaded by

    Ben Ten
    This document provides an overview of various visualization techniques in Matplotlib, including error bars, contour plots, histograms, hexagonal binning, customizing legends and colorbars, text annotation, and arrows. It describes functions like plt.contour(), plt.contourf(), plt.imshow(), plt.hexbin(), and plt.annotate() and how to customize aspects of plots, such as colors, axes, legends, and adding explanatory text/arrows.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Visualization Errors

    Uploaded by

    Ben Ten
    43 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of various visualization techniques in Matplotlib, including error bars, contour plots, histograms, hexagonal binning, customizing legends and colorbars, text annotation, and arrows. It describes functions like plt.contour(), plt.contourf(), plt.imshow(), plt.hexbin(), and plt.annotate() and how to customize aspects of plots, such as colors, axes, legends, and adding explanatory text/arrows.

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    This document provides an overview of various visualization techniques in Matplotlib, including error bars, contour plots, histograms, hexagonal binning, customizing legends and colorbars, text annotation, and arrows. It describes functions like plt.contour(), plt.contourf(), plt.imshow(), plt.hexbin(), and plt.annotate() and how to customize aspects of plots, such as colors, axes, legends, and adding explanatory text/arrows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    43 views34 pages

    Visualization Errors

    Uploaded by

    Ben Ten
    This document provides an overview of various visualization techniques in Matplotlib, including error bars, contour plots, histograms, hexagonal binning, customizing legends and colorbars, text annotation, and arrows. It describes functions like plt.contour(), plt.contourf(), plt.imshow(), plt.hexbin(), and plt.annotate() and how to customize aspects of plots, such as colors, axes, legends, and adding explanatory text/arrows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Visualization Errors

    PREPARED BY
    R.AKILA,AP(SG)
    BSACIST
    For any scientific measurement, accurate accounting
    for errors is nearly as important.
    Basic Errorbars
    A basic errorbar can be created with a single
    Matplotlib function call
    Here the fmt is a format code controlling the
    appearance of lines and points.
    Continuous Errors
    Density and Contour Plots

    Sometimes it is useful to display three-dimensional data


    in two dimensions using contours or color-coded
    regions. 
    There are three Matplotlib functions that can be helpful
    for this task: plt.contour for contour
    plots, plt.contourf for filled contour plots,
    and plt.imshow for showing images.
    contour plot can be created with the plt.contour function.
    It takes three arguments: a grid of x values, a grid
    of y values, and a grid of z values.
    The x and y values represent positions on the plot, and
    the z values will be represented by the contour levels.
    use the np.meshgrid function, which builds two-
    dimensional grids from one-dimensional arrays
    By default when a single color is used, negative
    values are represented by dashed lines, and positive
    values by solid lines. 
    Imshow() function

    plt.imshow() doesn't accept an x and y grid, so you must


    manually specify the extent [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax] of
    the image on the plot.
    plt.imshow() by default follows the standard image array
    definition where the origin is in the upper left, not in the
    lower left as in most contour plots.
    plt.imshow() will automatically adjust the axis aspect
    ratio to match the input data;
    this can be changed by setting, for
    example, plt.axis(aspect='image') to make x and y units
    match.
    Histogram

    A simple histogram can be a great first step in


    understanding a dataset.
    Two-Dimensional Histograms and Binnings

    create histograms in one dimension by dividing the


    number-line into bins, we can also create histograms
    in two-dimensions by dividing points among two-
    dimensional bins.
    Hexagonal binnings

    Matplotlib provides the plt.hexbin routine, which


    will represents a two-dimensional dataset binned
    within a grid of hexagons:
    Customizing Plot Legends
    Plot legends give meaning to a visualization,
    assigning meaning to the various plot elements.
    Customizing Colorbars

    Plot legends identify discrete labels of discrete


    points. For continuous labels based on the color of
    points, lines, or regions, a labeled colorbar can be a
    great tool.
    In Matplotlib, a colorbar is a separate axes that can
    provide a key for the meaning of colors in a plot.
    Three different categories of colormaps

    Sequential colormaps: These are made up of one


    continuous sequence of colors
    (e.g., binary or viridis).
    Divergent colormaps: These usually contain two
    distinct colors, which show positive and negative
    deviations from a mean (e.g., RdBu or PuOr).
    Qualitative colormaps: these mix colors with no
    particular sequence (e.g., rainbow or jet).
    Text and Annotation

    Creating a good visualization involves guiding the


    reader so that the figure tells a story. 
    This story can be told in an entirely visual manner,
    without the need for added text, but in others, small
    textual cues and labels are necessary.
    A plot of average births over the course of the
    calendar year;
    Arrows and Annotation

    Drawing arrows in Matplotlib is often much harder


    than you'd bargain for. While there is
    a plt.arrow() function available.
    plt.annotate() function. This function creates some
    text and an arrow, and the arrows can be very
    flexibly specified.
    The arrow style is controlled through
    the arrowprops dictionary, which has numerous
    options available. 

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