Detailed Specification

ID:18328012
Name: Nazim Uddin Mahamud

D E T A I L E D
SPECIFICATION
MAT E R IALS WORKS
 Brick  Earth Work Excavation in Foundation

 Cement  Sand Filling
 Sand  Brick
 Coarse Aggregate  Damp Proof Course
 Reinforce Concrete
 Shuttering
 Floor Tiles
 Paint
MATERIALS
D E TAI LS
Bricks
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other
elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term brick denotes a block
composed of dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other
chemically cured construction blocks.
Categorizing Bricks by Raw Materials
In modern construction practices, bricks are categorized
according to their component materials and method of
manufacture. Under this classification, there are five
common types.
Burnt Clay Bricks

Burnt clay bricks are the classic form of brick, created by
pressing wet clay into molds, then drying and firing in kilns.
This is a very old building material, and found in many of the
ancient structures of the world.
Burnt clay bricks are typically sold in four classes, with first-
class offering the best quality and most strength. These high-
grade burnt clay bricks have no noticeable flaws and naturally
cost more than lower classes.
Sand Lime Bricks
Sand lime bricks (also known as calcium silicate bricks) are made
by mixing sand, fly ash and lime. Pigments may also be added for
color. The mixture is then molded under pressure to form bricks.
Sand lime bricks offer advantages such as:
 Their shape is uniform and presents a smoother finish that

doesn’t require plastering.
 They offer excellent strength for load-bearing structures.
 They are gray instead of the regular reddish color. Different
pigments can be added for ornamental purposes.
 Less mortar is required during construction.
 Edges are straight and precise, making construction easier.
Engineering Bricks
Engineering bricks are used primarily in civil projects where
strength and resilience against the elements are essential. They
are clay-based and can be mixed with many other materials. What
sets engineering bricks apart from other types is their extreme
durability: They are fired at excessively high temperatures to
produce a brick as hard as iron. They also have very low porosity
and are used in places like sewers, retaining walls, manholes,
foundational work, and underground tunnels, where resistance to
water and frost is crucial. They come in two classes, A and B, with
A offering higher compression strength and lower water absorption
for the toughest conditions.
Fly Ash Clay Bricks
Fly ash clay bricks are manufactured with clay and fly ash—a byproduct of coal burning—fired at
about 1,832°F. This type of brick is sometimes described as self-cementing, since it contains a high
volume of calcium oxide and therefore expands when exposed to moisture. This tendency to
expand, however, can also produce pop-out failure.
Fly ash clay brick has the advantage of being lighter in weight than clay or concrete brick.
Typical uses for fly ash clay brick include:
•Structural walls
•Foundations
•Pillars
•Anywhere that improved fire resistance is required
Concrete Bricks
Concrete bricks are made from solid concrete poured into molds. They are
traditionally used in internal brickwork, but are more frequently being used in
exterior work, such as facades and fences, to provide a modern or urban
aesthetic. Concrete bricks can be manufactured in different colors if pigments
are added during production.
Due to their durability, concrete bricks can be used in almost any type of
construction, except underground, since they tend to be porous.
Cement Coarse Aggregate
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction Coarse aggregate is stone which are broken into small
that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials sizes and irregular in shape. In construction work the
to bind them together. aggregate are used such as limestone and granite or river
aggregate.
Locally available cement has been
mentioned. Following three types of The coarse aggregate has a major effect on concrete
cement are available in Bangladesh. properties such as abrasion resistance, hardness, elastic
1) Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) modulus, and another characteristic like durability, strong, and
cheaper. Other applications of coarse aggregate are to
2) Portland Composite Cement (PCC) backfills, fills, drainage, and filtration work.
a. CEM II/A M(S-V-L) Aggregate can also be used to create the braking moisture
b. CEM II/B M(S-V-L) and vapor barriers under the slab.
Coarse aggregates are primly used to prepare base for

driveways and roadways.
Sand The coarse aggregates are also utilized in water filtration and
Sand is a mixture of very small pieces of sewage treatment processes. The uses of aggregates can be
different rocks or minerals summarized into the following three categories:
•As a bearing material
•As a filling material
SL Category Size Range
•As an infiltrating material
1 Fine Sand 0.075 mm – 0.425 mm
2 Medium 0.425 mm – 2.0 mm
3 Coarse Sand 2.0 mm – 4.75 mm
WORKS
D ETAI LS
Earth Work in Foundation

Earthwork is also involved in the construction of most buildings
and would involve the removal of overburden to reach structurally
capable earth or soil, excavation for basements and other
underground structures, and to make structural fills to support
floors.
 Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact width of

foundation concrete and the sides shall be vertical.
 If the soil is not good and does not permit vertical sides, the
sides should be sloped back or protected with timber shoring.
 Excavated earth shall not be placed within 1 m of the edge of
the trench.
 The bottom of foundation trenches shall be perfectly leveled
both longitudinally and transversely and the sides of the
trench shall be dressed perfectly vertical from bottom up to
the least thickness of loose concrete so that concrete may be
laid to the exact width as per design.
 The bed of the trench shall be lightly watered and well
rammed
Sand Fill
Fill sand is a common material used in both residential and
commercial construction projects.
The sand filling is provided to help avoid the concrete directly touching the
soil surface. We could also use crushed sand instead of river sand.
Brick Soling
 Brick Flat Soling. The process of hand packing the
bricks over the earth surface or on the sand bed is
called as Brick flat soling.
 Brick Flat Soling (BFS) is mostly used in building

construction and road construction. The purpose of
using it as concrete bed is to make concrete bed
smooth and stable
Damp Proof Course The general principles to be observed while laying a damp proof
course are:
The damp proof course (DPC) is generally 1.The DPC should cover the full thickness of the walls, excluding
applied at basement levels, which restricts the rendering.
movement of moisture through walls and floors.
2.The mortar bed upon which the DPC is to be laid should be

Types of Materials for Damp Proof Course made level, even and free from projections. Uneven base is
The materials commonly used to check
dampness can be divided into the following three likely to cause damage to DPC.
categories: 3.When a horizontal DPC is to be continued up a vertical face, a
1.Flexible Materials: Materials like bitumen felts
(which may be hessian based or fiber/glass cement concrete fillet 75mm in radius should be provided at the
fiber-based), plastic sheeting (polythene sheets), junction before the treatment.
etc.
2.Semi-rigid Materials: Materials like mastic, 4.Each DPC should be placed in correct relation to other DPC to
asphalt, or a combination of materials or layers. ensure a complete and continuous barrier to the passage of
3.Rigid Materials: Materials like first-class bricks,
stones, slate, cement concrete, etc. water from floors, walls, or roof.
Reinforce Concrete
Reinforced concrete is a combination

of traditional cement concrete with
reinforcements (steel bar). This
combination is made to use the
compressive strength of concrete and
tensile strength of steel at the same
time, hence, work together to resist
many types of loading.
Shuttering
Shuttering is a temporary mould into
which concrete is poured to obtain
the desired structural shape on the
construction site. Traditional
shuttering is fabricated using timber,
but it can also be constructed from
steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics,
and another material
Floor Tiles Work
 Surface Preparation
 Layout the Pattern
 Prepare the adhesive Surface Preparation Layout the Pattern
 Lay the Tiles
 Cutting Tiles
 Applying Grout
 Sealing Grout Prepare the Adhesive Layout the Tiles
Cutting Tiles Applying Grout Sealing Grout

Paint Work
STEP 1: Wall Plaster
Wall Should Plastered By Cement Mix Ratio 1:5
STEP 2: 1st Coat Wall Putty

Fill And Level The Minor Undulations Of Wall By
Applying Putty.
2nd 10-12 Hours Wall Left to Dry
STEP 3: 2nd Coat Wall Putty

1) Apply 2nd Coat Wall Putty. In Case Of Major
Undulations On The Wall, Pop Needs To Be Applied
STEP 4: Surfaces Smoothing

Use 220-Grit Sandpaper To Wall Smoothing
STEP 5: Applying Primer

1)Applying one coat of primer to the wall
2)Allow Wall To Dry For 3 To 4 Hrs
STEP 6: Applying 1st Coat Paint

2nd Wall Left 10-12 Hours to Dry
STEP 7: Applying 2nd Coat Paint

Wall Left 10-12 Hrs To Dry

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ID:18328012

Name: Nazim Uddin Mahamud

MAT E R IALS WORKS

 Brick  Earth Work Excavation in Foundation

Burnt Clay Bricks

 Their shape is uniform and presents a smoother finish that

Coarse aggregates are primly used to prepare base for

Earth Work in Foundation

 Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact width of

 Brick Flat Soling (BFS) is mostly used in building

2.The mortar bed upon which the DPC is to be laid should be

Reinforced concrete is a combination

 Layout the Pattern

 Prepare the adhesive Surface Preparation Layout the Pattern

 Lay the Tiles

 Sealing Grout Prepare the Adhesive Layout the Tiles

Cutting Tiles Applying Grout Sealing Grout

STEP 2: 1st Coat Wall Putty

STEP 3: 2nd Coat Wall Putty

STEP 4: Surfaces Smoothing

STEP 5: Applying Primer

STEP 6: Applying 1st Coat Paint

STEP 7: Applying 2nd Coat Paint

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