BAB 3 ddk2633
BAB 3 ddk2633
BAB 3 ddk2633
ELECTRICAL WIRING
1
INTRODUCTION
Generation
drawing
2. Wiring
Transmmision
3 phase
accessories and system (red,
yellow & blue
cable Transformer
Industrial &
commercial Residential
3 phase2 system
(415 V) R,Y,B
& neutral
Electrical drawing
3
SYMBOLS
Symbol Discription Symbol Discription
6
Example
Floor plan Layout plan
3m 5m 4m 3m 5m 4m
BILIK
BILIK BILIK
TIDUR 2 BILIK
TIDUR 1 TIDUR 2 TIDUR 1
6m 6m
TANDAS 1
TANDAS 1
TANDAS 2
TANDAS 2
DAPUR 14m DAPUR 14m
RUANG
RUANG
TAMU
TAMU
5m
BILIK 5m
BILIK
TIDUR 3
TIDUR 3
masuk
Koridor masuk
Koridor
7
Schematic/Single line
diagram
• Consist of
1. Rating of protection
devices
2. Number of final circuit
3. Types and size of cable
4. Total load connected
5. Types of wiring system
6. Sequence of connection.
8
Service fuse (fius Main switch
perkhidmatan) Meter kWj (suis utama) ELCB
60 A 1 fasa, 50A 30A SPN 30A, 0.1 mA
Neutral link
(penghubung
neutral)
6mm2 pvk/pvk, berperisai, pendawaian pembuluh
From Sambungan …..
TNB
9
P.F.A
5A
5A
20A
20A
20A
6 Simpanan
N H N H
Hidup
Bumi Neutral
PFA
Switch wire
Common wire Suis
16
Two way switch
17
SSO – Ring Circuit SSO – Radial Circuit
B
N H
SS03 13A
Hidup
Bumi Neutral
Hidup
Bumi Neutral
PFA B B
N H N H
PFA B B
N H
Hidup
Bumi Neutral
PFA B
Suis
C S1
S1
N H
SS0 13A 18
ACCESSORIES
Switch
Connect (ON) and disconnect (OFF) the
electrical circuit.
Switchgear
19
ACCESSORIES
Ceiling rose & Batten
Termination of circuit.
Ceiling Rose
Batten
20
ACCESSORIES
Switch socket outlet (SSO)
Power point.
For Domestic
For Industrial
21
Circuit Breakers
Is an automatically-operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from
damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to
be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal
operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying
sizes, from small devices that protect an individual
household appliance up to large switchgear
designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an
entire city.
22
Types of Circuit
Breakers High
Voltage
• Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB).
• Air Circuit Breaker (ACB). Medium
Short
Voltage
• Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) Circuit
(Life &
• Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB). Low
Neutral
23
ACB
is suitable for the
circuit of AC 50Hz
with rated voltage up
to 690V and rated
current up to 6300A.
protect circuit and power supply
equipment from overload, under voltage
and short circuit.
24
MCCB
is applicable circuit of
AC 50/60Hz, rated
insulation voltage and
operating voltage up to
690VAC and 250VDC.
the rated operating current between
3A-1600A,
the function of the protection against
overload, short circuit and under
voltage. 25
MCB
Modular miniature circuit breakers
represent the optimum technical and
economic solution in all sectors:
industrial, public and high-tech public,
domestic.
Range between 6A and 125A under the
voltage of 230/400V.
26
ELCB & RCCB
• RCCB detect the fault current
connected to earth
• ELCB trip when the fault current value
is greater than the threshold value
Test
button
27
Fuse
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overcurrent (short circuit).
metal wire or strip that will melt when heated by
overcurrent.
operates once and then has to be replaced.
Fluorescent lamp
Screw
type
Pin
type
30
Kabel
Bahagian yang penting dalam sistem pendawaian.
Faktor-faktor pemilihan
1. Kabel yang dipilih itu berupaya membawa tenaga
elektrik dengan cekap
- kapasiti membawa arus.
- Susut voltan < 2.5% voltan bekalan.
2. Kabel yang digunakan selamat.
- jenis penebat
- suhu ambient.
3. Kabel yang dipilih mestilah murah tapi selamat.
31
Keupayaan Kabel membawa
arus
1. Jenis pendawaian
2. Arus yang diperlukan oleh beban
3. Susut voltan
4. Suhu persekitaran
5. Kumpulan kabel – litar yang berkumpul atau
mempunyai beberapa litar
6. Cara pemasangan
7. Sentuhan terma
8. Pemasangan khas cth ; dalam kapal. Peraturan ;
ERA (electrical research association) atau SIEE
(secretary of institution of electrical engineers).
32
Pengenalan bagi sesuatu kabel
1. Bahan pengalir ; cth – kuprum
2. Jenis penebat ; cth – pvk
3. Jenis sarung atau perlindungan mekanikal (jika
ada); cth – plumbum
4. Luas keratan rentas atau lembar/garis pusat ;
cth – 6mm2 atau 7/1.04mm
5. Kadaran voltan; cth – 600/1000V
6. Bilangan teras; cth- Satu
7. Boleh lentur atau tidak; cth – tidak boleh lentur
8. Kod warna (jika ada); cth – hitam
33
Bahagian-bahagian kabel
Bahagian
1. Penebat Utama
2. Pengalir
3. Perlindungan mekanikal Keselamatan
34
Pengalir
Takrif – Bahan yang membenarkan arus elektrik melaluinya.
Contoh : kuprum, aluminium, plumbum, perak, timah dan lain-
lain.
Penebat
Takrif – Bahan yang tidak membenarkan arus mengalir
melaluinya.
Contoh : polivinal klorida (pvk), getah vulkan, getah silicon,
kertas terisi tepu dan lain-lain.
35
Bahagian kabel
Teras -Pengalir yang dikelilingi oleh penebat
1 teras 2 teras
36
Bahagian kabel
Saiz kabel -Jumlah luas keratan rentas setiap lembar
pengalir. Cth 6mm2 atau 7/1.04mm /
Saiz kabel
37
Litar pengguna
(5) P.F.A
5A
20A
20A
6 Simpanan
38
Main circuit/Litar utama Final circuit/Litar akhir
No. Functions
41
Pendawaian Permukaan
(surface wiring)
42
Pendawaian Tersembunyi
(conceal wiring)
43
Pendawaian Konduit / Pembuluh
(Conduit)
Boleh lentur
Tidak boleh lentur
44
Pendawaian Sesalur
Jenis trucking (Trucking)
• PVC – bukan logam
• Paip GI - logam
Connection between
trucking with conduit
45
Pendawaian Salur
46
Jumlah beban tersambung
(TCL)
Beban Kadaran minimum
bagi satu beban
Poin lampu 100 watt
Poin kipas 100 watt
SSO 13A 250 watt
SSO 15A 500 watt
SSO 5A 100 watt
Kadaran Jenis
49
50
Jumlah Arus selepas faktor
kepelbagaian (AFK)
• Arus AFK digunakan untuk menentukan;
- rujuk jadual untuk menentukan;
• Saiz kabel perkhidmatan
• Kadaran fius perkhidmatan
• Kadaran suis utama / pemencilan
• Kadaran pemutus litar bocor ke bumi
• Meter kilowatt.
51
Pengiraan AFK
Baban lampu P.F.A
5A
Isfk
5A
Is
2 5 Kipas siling 80 Watt
5A
Is
1 1 poin alat pemasak 2 kW
Isfk
Isfk
25 A
Is 1 poin pemanas air segera
1
5 kW
25 A
Isfk Is 1 poin pemanas air segera
2
25 A 4 kW
Is 1 poin pemanas air segera
3
25 A 3 kW
30 A
Is
1 6 poin SSO 13A
16 A
Isfk Is
2 2 poin SSO 13A
16 A
Is
3 3 poin SSO 13A
16 A
Is
4 2 poin SSO 13A
P.F.A
30 A
Is 1 poin air
1
conditioner 2 hp
Isfk
56
Contoh
Rajah 1, menunjukkan litar jejari atau skematik bagi pemasangan
bangunan jenis batu bata. Bangunan tersebut mendapat bekalan
240 V dari talian rentangan atas. Berdasarkan Rajah 1 yang
diberikan, tentukan;
i. jumlah beban tersambung (TCL).
ii. jumlah arus selepas mengambil kira faktor kepelbagaian (rujuk
Lampiran 1).
iii. kadaran pemutus litar bocor ke bumi (PLBB/ELCB).
iv. kadaran fius perkhidmatan (guna fius HRC).
v. kadaran pemencilan.
vi. saiz kabel perkhidmatan
57
P.F.A
5A
5A
5A
30A
20A
15A
13A
10A
1 poin alat pemanas air
8
segera 1.5 kW
10A
1 poin alat pemanas air
9
segera 2kW
10A
10A Rajah 1
11 Simpanan
59
Kabel berperisai
60
Kadaran Alat
Perlindungan
61