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    Section 4.2 PC

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    Section 4.2 PC

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    marons inigo

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    You are on page 1of 20

    Trigonometric Functions:

    4.2 The Unit Circle

    Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


    What You Should Learn
    • Identify a unit circle and describe its relationship
    to real numbers.

    • Evaluate trigonometric functions using the unit


    circle.

    • Use domain and period to evaluate sine and


    cosine functions and use a calculator to
    evaluate trigonometric functions.

    2
    The Unit Circle

    3
    The Unit Circle
    The two historical perspectives of trigonometry incorporate
    different methods of introducing the trigonometric functions.

    Our first introduction to these functions is based on the unit


    circle.

    Consider the unit circle given by

    x2 + y2 = 1 Unit circle

    It is called the unit circle because it has


    a radius of one unit.
    Figure 4.18
    4
    The Unit Circle
    As you graph any angle on the unit circle, there is a point
    where its terminal side intersects the circle. The point is

    (x, y)

    If you graph an angle of 0 degrees or 0 radians, the


    terminal side intersection corresponds to the point (1, 0).
    Moreover, because the unit circle has a
    circumference of 2, the angle 2 also corresponds to the
    point (1, 0).

    5
    The Trigonometric Functions

    6
    The Trigonometric Functions
    You can use these coordinates to define the six
    trigonometric functions.

    sine cosine tangent


    cosecant secant cotangent

    These six functions are normally abbreviated sin, cos, tan,


    csc, sec, and cot, respectively.

    7
    The Trigonometric Functions

    8
    The Trigonometric Functions
    In the definitions of the trigonometric functions, note that
    the tangent and secant are not defined when x = 0.

    For instance, because t =  /2 corresponds to (x, y) = (0, 1),


    it follows that tan( /2) and sec( /2) are undefined.

    Similarly, the cotangent and cosecant are not defined when


    y = 0.

    For instance, because t = 0 corresponds to (x, y) = (1, 0),


    cot 0 and csc 0 are undefined.

    9
    Example 1 – Evaluating Trigonometric Functions

    Evaluate the six trigonometric functions at each real


    number.

    a. b. c.

    Solution:
    For each t-value, begin by finding the corresponding point
    (x, y) on the unit circle. Then use the definitions of
    trigonometric functions.

    10
    Example1(a) – Solution cont’d

    t =  /6 corresponds to the point

    11
    Example1(b) – Solution cont’d

    t = 5 /4 corresponds to the point

    12
    Example1(c) – Solution cont’d

    t =  corresponds to the point (x, y) = (–1, 0).

    13
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine

    14
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine
    Please read this slide and the next three, but do not copy
    them down.
    The domain of the sine and cosine functions is the set of all
    real numbers.

    To determine the range of these two functions, consider the


    unit circle shown to the right.

    15
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine
    Adding 2 to each value of in the interval [0, 2] completes
    a second revolution around the unit circle, as shown in
    Figure 4.23.

    Figure 4.23

    16
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine
    The values of sin(t + 2) and cos(t + 2) correspond to
    those of sin t and cos t.

    Similar results can be obtained for repeated revolutions


    (positive or negative) around the unit circle. This leads to
    the general result

    sin(t + 2 n) = sint and cos(t + 2 n) = cost

    for any integer n and real number t. Functions that behave


    in such a repetitive (or cyclic) manner are called periodic.

    17
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine

    It follows from the definition of periodic function that the


    sine and cosine functions are periodic and have a period of
    2. The other four trigonometric functions are also periodic.

    18
    Domain and Period of Sine and Cosine
    A function f is even when
    f (–t) = f (t)

    and is odd when


    f (–t) = –f (t)

    Of the six trigonometric functions, two are even and four


    are odd.

    19
    Example 2 – Using the Period to Evaluate Sine and Cosine

    Because y you have

    20

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