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    Lung Volumes and Capacities

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    Tanmayee Muppaneni
    The document defines and describes lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities include total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. These are sums of the basic lung volumes. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and capacities, making inspiration difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity but increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration difficult.

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    Lung Volumes and Capacities

    Uploaded by

    Tanmayee Muppaneni
    32 views13 pages
    The document defines and describes lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities include total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. These are sums of the basic lung volumes. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and capacities, making inspiration difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity but increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration difficult.

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    The document defines and describes lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities include total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. These are sums of the basic lung volumes. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and capacities, making inspiration difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity but increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration difficult.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views13 pages

    Lung Volumes and Capacities

    Uploaded by

    Tanmayee Muppaneni
    The document defines and describes lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities include total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. These are sums of the basic lung volumes. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and capacities, making inspiration difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity but increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration difficult.

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    Lung Volumes and Capacities

     The total volume contained in


    the lung at the end of a
    maximal inspiration is
    subdivided into volumes and
    subdivided into capacities.
    There are 4 volume subdivisions

     They do not overlap


     They can not be further divided

     When added together equal total

    lung capacity
    Lung Capacities

     Aresubdivisions of the total


    volume that include two or
    more of the 4 basic lung
    volumes
    Basic Lung Volumes

     Tidal Volume: TV
     The amount of gas inspired or

    expired with each normal breath.


     About 500 ml
    Basic Lung Volumes

     Inspiratory Reserve Volume: IRV


     Maximum amount of additional

    air that can be inspired from the


    end of a normal inspiration.
    Basic Lung Volumes

     Expiratory Reserve Volume: ERV


     The maximum volume of

    additional air that can be expired


    from the end of a normal
    expiration.
    Basic Lung Volumes
     Residual Volume: RV
     The volume of air remaining in the lung

    after a maximal expiration. This is the only


    lung volume which cannot be measured
    with a spirometer.
     Gas dilution tech

     nitrogen
     helium
     Body Plethysmograph
    Lung Capacities
     Total Lung Capacity: TLC
     The volume of air contained in the

    lungs at the end of a maximal


    inspiration.
     Called a capacity because it is the

    sum of the 4 basic lung volumes


     TLC= RV+IRV+TV+ERV
    Lung Capacities
     Vital Capacity: VC
     The maximum volume of air that can be

    forcefully expelled from the lungs


    following a maximal inspiration.
     Called a capacity because it is the sum

    of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal


    volume and expiratory reserve volume.
     VC= IRV+TV+ERV = TLC - RV
    Lung Capacities
     Functional Residual Capacity: FRC
     The volume of air remaining in the

    lung at the end of a normal


    expiration.
     Called a capacity because it equal

    residual volume plus expiratory


    reserve volume.
     FRC= RV+ERV
    Lung Capacities
     Inspiratory Capacity: IC
     Maximum volume of air that can be inspired

    from end expiratory position.


     Called a capacity because it is the sum of

    tidal volume and inspiratory reserve


    volume.
     This capacity is of less clinical significance

    than the other three.


     IC= TV+IRV
    Respiratory Diseases
     Restrictive Disease:
     Makes it more difficult to get air in to the lungs.

     They “restrict” inspiration.

     Decreased VC; Decreased TLC, RV, FRC

     Includes:

     Fibrosis

     Sarcoidosis

     Muscular diseases

     Chest wall deformities


    Respiratory Diseases
     Obstructive Disease
     Make it more difficult to get air out of the

    lungs.
     Decrease VC; Increased TLC, RV, and

    FRC
     Includes:

     Emphysema

     Chronic bronchitis

     Asthma

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