Grade 10 Quarter 1 ES Lesson 1

Internal
Structure of the
Earth
Grade 10 Lesson 1
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
OUTCOMES
LEARNING
1 identify the different layers of the
Earth;
determine different characteristics,
2 properties, and composition of the Earth’s
layers; and
describe the internal structure of the
3 Earth’s interior and its mechanism.
ENGAG
From your Elementary science, you
were introduced about the different
layers of the Earth. Try to recall
these by identifying and dropping
the terms given below to its
respective Earth layers.

INNER
CORE
OUTER
CORE

MANTL
E
CRUS
T
ENGAGE
What is inside the Earth?

EXPLO
Layers of the Earth
EXPLORE
Investigate the internal
structure of the earth.
Interactive
1.
EXPLAIN
What makes
up the
landmasses?
Interactive
A. What makes up the
EXPLAIN
landmasses?
Continental Drift
Interactive
2.
EXPLAIN
What is this part
found under the
ocean floor, heavier
than the continental
crust?
Interactive
2. What is this part found under the
EXPLAIN
ocean floor, heavier than the
continental crust?
Oceanic crust
Interactive
3. What is this kind of
EXPLAIN
rock that is thicker
and has less dense
that allows the
continent to rise
above the sea level?
Interactive
3. What is this kind of rock that is thicker
EXPLAIN
and has less dense that allows the
continent to rise above the sea level?
Graphite
Interactive
The earth is layered
with a lithosphere
(crust and uppermost
mantle), mantle, and
a dense metallic core.
The earth is layered with a
1. CRUST- The outermost
lithosphere (crust and
uppermost mantle), mantle,
and the thinnest layer of the
and a dense metallic core.
earth .
Composed of plates on
which the continents and
Earth's crust is made up of several elements: oxygen, 46.6 percent
by weight; silicon, 27.7 percent; aluminum, 8.1 percent; iron, 5
percent; calcium, 3.6 percent; sodium, 2.8 percent, potassium, 2.6
percent, and magnesium, 2.1 percent.
Continental crust- the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that makes
up the planet’s continents and continental shelves and is formed near
subduction zones at plate boundaries between continental and oceanic
tectonic plates. The continental crust forms nearly all of Earth’s land
surface.
Oceanic crust- the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that is found
under the oceans and formed at spreading centres on oceanic ridges,
which occur at divergent plate boundaries.
2. Mantle - Solid but
capable of flow (like hot
asphalt)
Thickest layer of the
Earth (70% of the
The earth is layered with
The hot material (magma) in a
theuppermost
mantlemantle),
rises to the
mantle, top of
theand
mantle, cools, core.
a dense metallic then sinks,
reheats, and rises again.
These convection currents
cause changes in the Earth’s
surface
It is composed mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron.
Intense heat causes the rocks to rise. They then cool and sink back
down to the core. This convection — with the consistency of
caramel — is thought to be what causes the tectonic plates to
move. When the mantle pushes through the crust, volcanoes
erupt.
3. Outer Core
Molten (liquid) metal
beneath the mantle.
Composed of the melted
metals nickel and iron
4. Inner Core
Solid sphere
uppermost composed
mantle), mantle, mostly
of iron.
Heat in the core is probably
generated by the radioactive
decay of uranium and other
elements.
It is solid because of the
pressure from the outer
core, mantle, and crust
compressing it
tremendously.
Earth’s molten metallic
core gave rise to magnetic
field. If Earth’s core were
not metal, the planet would
not have a magnetic field.
Metals such as iron are
magnetic, but rock, which
makes up the mantle and
crust, is not.
The temperature
1200C
of each layer
4000C increases as
5000C depth increases.
Earth consists of layers
made up of different
densities.
Density and Pressure
increase as depth increases
That explains why the inner
core is a solid metal ball.
ELABORAT
E
Aurora Borealis:
What Causes the
Northern Lights?
ELABORAT
E Aurora Borealis: What Causes the
Are youLights
Northern familiarwith the
Aurora Borealis or the
Northern lights?
Maybe you have encountered
these phenomena already
from your lesson about the
layers of the atmosphere.
ELABORAT
But can
Northern you
remember
Lights
how these are formed and

how it is connected with
our lesson about the layers
of the earth?
ELABORAT
The Aurora
Northern is one of the
Lights
nature’s most spectacular
light shows. However, these
stellar lights are indicators
that the Earth is protecting
you from the harmful solar
radiation.
ELABORAT
The Aurora
Northern is simply
Lights
caused by the interaction

between Earth’s magnetic
field and charged particles
shot out from the sun.
EVALUA
I. Arrange column A from the outermost layer (at
the top) to the innermost layer(at the bottom) of
the earth.
After arranging the layers of the earth correctly,
identify what each layer is made out of by
arranging column B to its corresponding Earth’s
layers in Column A. Simply drag the boxes up
and down for Column B.
Co lum n A. Co lum n B.
II. Multiple Choices. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
6. Where does the continents and

oceans rest?
A. Crust C. Outer Core
B. Mantle D. Inner Core
Crust
best answer.
7. Which part gives rise to the

magnetic field?
A. Crust C. Core
B. Mantle D. None of the Above
Core
best answer.
8. This is the thickest layer of the

Earth’s composition.
A. Crust C. Inner Core
B. Mantle D. Outer Core
Mantle
best answer.
9. Inner core is composed of ___.

A. Liquid Magma C. Radioactive metals
B. Solid Metal D. Helium Gas
Solid Metal
best answer.
10. Northern lights is also known as
_________.
A. Aurora Borealis C. Aurora Boreais

B. Aurora Methenesis D. Aurora Bernesis
Aurora Borealis
ELABOR
ATE
In His hand are the deep places of
the earth;
The heights of the hills are His also.
The sea is His, for He made it;
And His hands formed the dry land.
— Psalm 95:4-5 (NKJV)
Name:
Name of the Activity & Page Number : (Ex. Activity 1. Internal Structure of the Earth Page 2 )

Grade 10 Quarter 1 ES Lesson 1

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Internal

What is inside the Earth?

What Causes the

how these are formed and

caused by the interaction

6. Where does the continents and

7. Which part gives rise to the

8. This is the thickest layer of the

9. Inner core is composed of ___.

A. Aurora Borealis C. Aurora Boreais

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