Radio Production Unit 3

Basics of Radio
Programme Production

Unit III

Radio Production and
Transmission Process
Elements of Radio Programme

Ingredients of
Radio
Programme
Human voice
Music Sound Effects
or spoken word
Main Elements of Radio
Programme

Studio
Microphones
Sound Effects
Artificial echo
Filter or distort
Human Voice
Studio

 A radio studio is a place to live broadcast or record
audio professionally. Often it’s a soundproofed room
which gets rid of unwanted noises that would often
get mixed into broadcasts. However, studios vary
depending on location and use
Microphones

 For our voice to be recorded in a studio, we use a
microphone. You might have used or at least seen
microphones. They amplify or in other
words ,increase the volume of your voice. When you
speak before a microphone, you don’t have to shout.
You speak normally and it will be made louder if
you use a loudspeaker to listen to. When we think of
radio, the microphone is the most important element
using which you present your programme.

Types of
Microphone
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Directional Directional Directional
Sound Effects

 Sound effects in a radio program give meaning and
sense of location. It adds realism to a program
 and helps a listener to use imagination.
 Think of a crowded market or temple. If you are
creating that scene in a radio program, you do not
have to go to a crowded market or temple to record.

 Well, you can record those sounds and use them. But
in most cases, you use sound effects which are
already recorded. Sound effects can be used in two
ways:
(a) spot effects or effects that are created as we speak
(b) recorded sound effects.

 If you are recording a radio programme in which
someone knocks at the door, you can make a
knocking sound either on a door or a wooden
partition. Or you want to show that someone is
pouring water from a bottle into a glass; here again
you can use the actual sounds produced on the spot.
But if you want a lion roaring or a dog barking, you
probably cannot bring a lion or a dog to the studios!
Here we use recorded sounds which are kept on
tapes or discs.
Music

 Music is the soul of radio. It is used in different ways
on radio as already discussed in the earlier lesson.
Film songs and classical music programmes are
independent programmes on radio. Music is also
used as signature tunes or theme music of various
radio programmes.

 a. Music adds color and life to any spoken word
programme.
 b. Music can break monotony.
 c. Music is used to give the desired effect of happy or
unhappy situations, fear or joy.
 d. Music can suggest scenes and locations. For
example, you have to create a bright early morning
situation.
 This can be done by playing a pleasing note on the
flute along with the sound of chirping birds.
Artificial Echo

 If you enter an empty building or fort and shout,
your voice will come back to you. This is called on
echo. An echo is used in radio programmes. This is a
technical input.
Filter or Distort

 If you listen to someone speaking to you on phone,
the voice would not sound normal. This sort of effect
called distort is produced using technology. Some
times distort is used along with echo. Think of
someone speaking from a mine 100 feet below the
earth. To make it realistic, distort and echo are used.
Human Voice

 The main stay in any radio programme is the human
voice. Think of the voice of an announcer or
newsreader on radio. You often find them very
pleasant and nice to listen to. That is because of the
quality of their voice and the proper use of it. There
are two aspects of the use of human voice in radio
production. Firstly, there has to be a well written
script to be spoken and then someone has to speak or
read it before a microphone in a studio

RADIO
PROGRAMME
PRODUCTION
Pre Post
Production
Production Production
Pre Production

 As the title suggests, this is the first stage before the
actual production.
 i) An idea is born : This phase includes how a
programme is born as an idea and its
conceptualization. The topic or subject matter is
decided.
 ii) Plan of action : After the topic is decided, a plan of
action is worked out. Here the format of the
progamme is determined i.e whether the programme
is a talk, discussion, interview, drama, documentary

 etc. Once that is clear, the right person for writing the
script and the performers are decided. The plan of
action would also determine the equipment for
outside recordings that are required. The time and
venue of the recording are also worked out.
 iii) The script is examined to make it suitable for
broadcast. It is examined according to the principles
of writing for radio or in other words ‘for the ear’.
We will discuss this is detail in the next section.

 iv) Paper work : If people who are not working in the
radio station are involved for writing or providing
voice for the programmes, they have to be invited
with an agreement to accept the job or assignment.
This type of agreement is referred to as a contract.
Similarly, permission is often required to interview
certain people if the programme is based on such
interviews. Therefore, as you can see, there is a lot of
paper work at the pre-prodution stage.

 v) Rehearsing the voices of speakers is also part of
this stage.
Production

 This is the actual process of recording and editing a
radio programme. Proper studios, microphones and
computers are required to record and edit the
programme
Post production

 :Writing to inform people involved in the production
is a major activity during this phase. The progamme
has to be given publicity both on radio and in other
media. This is done to ensure that people know
about the programmes and also listen to them. The
announcements for the presentation of the
programme are also written and provided for the
actual broadcast of the programme.

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Basics of Radio

Uni- Bi- Omni

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