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    Mcob Unit 2

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    SUFIYAN KHAN
    Planning involves determining future courses of action by deciding what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. It consists of selecting objectives, policies, programs, and procedures to achieve desired results. Planning bridges the gap from the present to the future by anticipating, influencing, and controlling the nature and direction of change. There are different types of plans, including operational plans, that help achieve objectives through decision making processes and organizing.

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    Mcob Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    SUFIYAN KHAN
    156 views90 pages
    Planning involves determining future courses of action by deciding what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. It consists of selecting objectives, policies, programs, and procedures to achieve desired results. Planning bridges the gap from the present to the future by anticipating, influencing, and controlling the nature and direction of change. There are different types of plans, including operational plans, that help achieve objectives through decision making processes and organizing.

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    MCOB UNIT 2

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    Planning involves determining future courses of action by deciding what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. It consists of selecting objectives, policies, programs, and procedures to achieve desired results. Planning bridges the gap from the present to the future by anticipating, influencing, and controlling the nature and direction of change. There are different types of plans, including operational plans, that help achieve objectives through decision making processes and organizing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    156 views90 pages

    Mcob Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    SUFIYAN KHAN
    Planning involves determining future courses of action by deciding what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. It consists of selecting objectives, policies, programs, and procedures to achieve desired results. Planning bridges the gap from the present to the future by anticipating, influencing, and controlling the nature and direction of change. There are different types of plans, including operational plans, that help achieve objectives through decision making processes and organizing.

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    Planning Definition

    •Planning as a process involves the determination of future


    course of action, that is why an action, what action, how to take
    action, and when to take action. These are related with different
    aspects of planning process.

    •Terry has defined planning in terms of future course of action


    i.e., “planning is the selection and relating of facts and
    making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the
    visualization and formalization of proposed activities believed
    necessary to achieve desired result.”
    McFarland has defined Planning as “a concept of executive
    action that embodies the skills of anticipating, influencing
    and controlling the nature and direction of change.”

    •In the words of Koontz and O’Donnell ,“planning is


    deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it,
    and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we
    are to here we want to go.”

    •According to Theo Haimann , “planning is the function that


    determines in advance what should be done. It consists of
    selecting the enterprise objectives polices, programmes,
    procedures and other means of achieving these objectives.”
    Nature of Planning
    Types of Plans
    Types of Operational Plans
    Objectives
    Setting Objectives
    Decision Making Process
    ORGANIZING
    Management by Exception (MBE was
    propounded by: Frederick Winslow
    Taylor)1964
     Management by exception (MBE) is a practice
    where only significant deviations from a budget or
    plan are brought to the attention of management. The
    idea behind it is that management's attention will be
    focused only on those areas in need of action. (MBE)
    is a practice where only significant deviations from
    a budget or plan are brought to the attention
    of management. The idea behind it is
    that management's attention will be focused only on
    those areas in need of action.

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