LESSON 1 Science 8 Quarter 2

Department of Education
National Capital Region

Division of Taguig City and Pateros
Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.
317 Manuel L. Quezon St. Lower Bicutan, Taguig City
SCIENCE LINKS 8
Grade Level : Grade 8
Quarter : 2ND Quarter
School Year : 2022– 2023
Teacher : Mr. Joshua Bong A. Bual
OFFICE OF THE ACADEMICS : Curriculum I Instruction I Assessment SCHOOL YEAR: 2022 - 2023
Subject Abstract
Quarter 2 is about Earth – our home planet – and how the various forces can shape and change its
features.
The earth, when viewed from the outer space, is a planet that signifies life. In fact, of the eight
planets in the solar system, earth is the only planet that sustains life. How can a planet support life?
The presence and interaction of the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere (land) are
the basic necessities for the biosphere (life) to flourish on a planet, and Earth has these qualities.
On other hand, living on Earth means living with everything that exists on it, including hazards
which may cause disasters that humans and other living things normally experience.
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Content and Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of: a.)the relationship between faults and earthquakes, b.) The
formation of typhoons and their movement within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), c.)
characteristics of comets, meteors, and asteroids.
The learner transfers learning by:
participate in decision making on where to build structures based on knowledge of the location of active faults
in the community.
make an emergency plan and prepare an emergency kit for use at home and in school.
demonstrate precautionary measures before, during, and after a typhoon, including the following advisories,
storm signals, and calls for evacuation given by government agencies in charge
participate in activities that lessen the risks brought by typhoons.
discuss whether or not beliefs and practices about comets and meteors have scientific basis.

MELC Lesson Topics Duration Week Number
1. Using models or illustrations, explain

Explaining the types of Faults and understanding
how movements along faults generate Seven (7) Days Week One
earthquakes
earthquakes
2. Differentiate the following:

• Epicenter of an earthquake from its
focus; Differentiating Epicenter, Focus, and intensity of
Twelve (12) Days Week Two
• Intensity of an earthquake from its an earthquake
magnitude;
• Active and inactive faults

Define earthquake waves

3. Explain how earthquake waves provide
Explain how earthquake wave provide Seven (7) Days Week Three
information about the interior of the earth
information about the interior of the earth
Define typhoon
4. Explain how typhoon develops and how it Enumerate the types of typhoons
is affected by landmasses and bodies of Explain how typhoons develop Seven (7) Days Week Four
water Discuss how landmasses and bodies of water
affects typhoons

Define PAR
Understand how typhoons that enter the
5. Trace the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) are
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) tracked using a map and tracing data Five (5) Days Week Five
using a map and tracking data Explain why Philippines is prone to typhoons
Using graphing paper graph the area of where
typhoons are located
Define comets, meteors, asteroids
Identify the characteristics of meteors,
asteroids, and comets
6. Compare and contrast comets, meteors, Explain how minor members of solar system Five (5) Days Week Six
and asteroids were formed
Differentiate comets, meteors, and asteroids
Interpret data collected about asteroids, comets,
and meteors

Daily Routine
Opening Prayer – Monlimar Prayer
Greetings
Checking of Attendance
Reminders
Review of Past Lessons

Opening Prayer
Dear Lord, we are gathered in your presence this day to glorify and honor your name.
Please forgive us for our trespasses and wrongdoings. Help us to be more understanding
and concerned with others because this is your will.
Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.
Please give us an open mind and heart so we can understand thoroughly all the things
that we have discussed in the class.
All these, we pray in your name. Amen

Checking of Attendance

Drill and Review of Previous Lesson
Review of Past Lessons
1st Quarter Lesson

San Andreas (2015)
School Year: 2022 - 2023

Motivation:
Essential Questions:
a. How does an earthquake occur?
b.If this will happen again, what will you do?

Week 1
Explaining
Earthquakes and Faults

Lesson Objectives
• Defining earthquake and fault
• Identify the types of faults
• Explain how movements along faults generate earthquakes

Earthquakes
Scientist have been observing Earth’s crust for
thousands of years, and they believe that it is moving
in a prolonged process. Several scientific theories
support this explanation and one of them is the Plate
Tectonics Theory.
The Plate Tectonic Theory focuses on the forces

that drive the movement of Earth’s plates. Plates,
tectonic plates, or lithospheric plates are colossal
broken segments or pieces of Earth that carry the
crust. These plates, together with the crust, appear
like a giant jigsaw puzzle.

Plate Tectonics Theory:
Pangea, also spelled Pangaea, in early
geologic time, a supercontinent that
incorporated almost all the landmasses on
Earth.
Pangea was surrounded by a global ocean

called Panthalassa, and it was fully assembled
by the Early Permian Epoch (some 299
million to about 273 million years ago).
http://youtube.com/watch?v=AqrInJ8_Nes

Earthquake
Earthquake is a shaking or vibration of the earth caused
by movement along a fault during which seismic energy
is released and radiates towards the surface of the earth;
may also be caused by volcanic activity.
The Earth is composed of four different layers:
 The crust (1 percent of Earth’s volume)

 The mantle (84 percent)
 The liquid outer core
 The solid inner core (combinedly 15 percent).

The Crust
It is the OUTER layer and the THINNEST portion of the
Earth. It is made up of solid rocks and minerals.
There are TWO types of crust:

CONTINENTAL and OCEANIC crust.
1. Oceanic Crust – Basalt

2. Continental crust – Granite
Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.

The boundary between the crust and underlying mantle is
called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, often called
the Moho.

The Mantle
It is the LARGEST layer of the earth that lies beneath the
crust. It represents 84% of the Earth’s volume. Mantle
This layer is composed of very hot, dense rock, and rich in

chemical elements.
The top portion of the mantle is called

the ASTHENOSPHERE. Density increases with depth due
to increasing pressure.
The boundary between the base of the mantle and the outer
core is termed the Gutenberg discontinuity.

The Outer Core
• It is composed mostly of the melted
Outer Core
metals nickel and iron.
• Movement of the liquid within the
outer core generates Earth’s magnetic
field.
The Inner Core

• It is an extremely hot ball of solid
metal, composed mainly of iron and
Inner Core
nickel.
• The inner core is the hottest part of the
Earth.

Understanding Earthquakes
• Natural disasters do happen.

• Of these, the most feared are earthquakes because
they can strike anytime and anywhere without prior
warning.
• The Luzon earthquake that happened on July 16,
1990, caused massive destruction of buildings and
infrastructures.
• The 45-second earthquake also caused injuries and
fatalities of residents, particularly in Baguio City.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1041379

Why Philippines archipelago is
prone to earthquakes?

Pacific Ring of Fire
• Philippines is said to be prone to earthquake
area because it is located and positioned at the
ring of fire.
• 452 volcanoes are subdued to this pacific ring of

fire and a percent of active volcanoes are
included in these said volcanoes.
• Volcano eruptions affect the movement of the

tectonic plate within the area that is prone to
earthquakes.

Understanding Earthquakes
About 90 percent of the world’s earthquakes happen

along the so-called “Pacific Ring of Fire”, the region
bordering the Pacific Ocean that is a site of active
volcanism, earthquakes, and fault zones. The
Philippines lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire; thus, we are
among the countries prone to earthquakes.
To really understand what faults are, you have to know

something about the structure of the earth. Then, and
only, then, can you see the relation between faults and
earthquakes.
https://www.mirror.co.uk/science/what-pacific-ring-fire-facts-12342864

Faults Generate Earthquake
• Stress naturally builds up along the boundary of
moving tectonic plates, deforming the rocks, and
thereby, storing potential energy. When the rocks are
deformed beyond the limit, the rocks break, and the
stored potential energy is suddenly released as an
earthquake.
• An Earthquake, therefore, consists of vibrations of

the Earth caused by the rapid release of energy. The
point beneath Earth’s surface where the rocks break
is referred to as the focus or hypocentre of the
earthquake.
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-do-tectonic-plates-move.html

Epicenter VS. Focus
The focus is the point inside the
earth where the earthquake
started, sometimes called the
hypocenter, and the point on the
surface of the earth directly above
the focus is called the epicenter.

Faults Generate Earthquake
The earthquake vibrations or seismic

waves originate here and travel
outward. Directly above the focus, on
Earth’s surface, is the epicentre of the
Earthquake.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/697565429754053989/?
amp_client_id=CLIENT_ID(_)&mweb_unauth_id={{default.session}}&simplified=true

How do fault lines help the
government in preparing for an
Earthquake?

Faults
• Faults are fractures or breaks in
Earth’s Crust. On the surface,
faults appear as cracks.
• On a larger scale, the edges of

continental and oceanic crust
are considered faults, as well as
the boundaries of lithospheric
plates.

Faulting
• Occurs when there is movement
or displacement of rock masses
along the fault. This means that
faulting is a result of tectonic
forces applied to rock masses in
the crust.

What are the three types of Tectonic
Forces?

Types of Tectonic Forces/Stress
Pushes rocks in the crust to Pulls crustal rocks away from Enables rocks in the crust to
each other each other. slide past each other

Types of Faults
According to Shearing Force
Tectonic Forces:
Compressional Force
Tensional Force

Can you think of places in Metro Manila where liquefaction can possibly happen?

Essential Questions:
▪ What are the potential dangers are posed by faults?
▪ How are faults formed?

Fault is a fracture or break in Earth’s crust where
earthquakes are most likely to occur repeatedly. It
forms when the rocks of the crust are compressed or
stretched by plate movement. Because these rocks
are brittle, they do not bend when they are stretched
or compressed.
Instead, they break along areas where they are weak.

These breaks are called fault zones if there are many
faults spread over a wide area. Some fractures may
be faults that are just beginning to form. A fracture
can only be considered a fault if evidence of
movement can be seen and measured across the
https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2008/07/10/a-stress-meter-for-fault-zones/
fault.

Week 2
Describing an Earthquake
and Its Effects

How do Underwater Earthquakes
Generate Tsunamis?

Tsunamis
• Is a series of huge waves caused by an
Earthquake that occurs underneath or near the
Ocean.
• It is a Japanese term that means “harbor
waves”
• Tsunamis can also be generated by underwater
volcanic eruptions and landslides and rarely by
the impact of an asteroid or a meteoroid cashing
into the ocean from outer space.
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-tsunami-
ncna943571

Are tsunamis and
Tidal waves the
same?
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-tsunami-
ncna943571

Are tsunamis and Tidal
waves the same?
• Tsunamis are not tidal waves. Tidal waves are
regular ocean waves and are caused by tides.
• These waves are caused by the interaction of
the pull of the moon's gravity on the earth. A
“tidal wave” is a term used in common
folklore to mean the same thing as a tsunami,
but is not the same thing.

Table 1.0: Comparison Table Between Tidal Wave and Tsunami
Parameters of Comparison Tidal Wave Tsunami
Causes Gravitational and centrifugal Seaquake, volcanic eruptions,

forces. etc.
Intensity Less intense More intense
Frequency More frequent Less frequent
Location Not limited to oceans Mostly takes place in oceans
Damage Not limited to oceans Mostly takes place in oceans

Did you know?
• Tsunamis can be very large-their wave height
can reach up to 30 feet or more (100 feet in
extreme cases). They can travel at a great
speed exceeding 500 miles per hour (as fast
as a jet flies).
• The first wave of a tsunami is usually not the

strongest, successive waves get bigger and
stronger.

Strongest Tsunami in the
Philippine History
• In the Philippines, the worst tsunami event in
history is the 1976 Moro Gulf Tsunami in
Western Mindanao.
• The tsunami devastated the coastal provinces
bordering the Moro Gulf and the northern
Celebes Sea. Tsunami waves were reported to
be as high as 9 meters in Lebak, Sultan
Kudarat.

Tsunami Formatio
Visualization

Trivia:
• Did you know that the magnitude 9
earthquake that hit Japan on March 11, 2011,
caused the formation of a 30 feet tsunami that
claimed more than 15,000 people’s lives,
caused buildings and nuclear reactors to
collapse and severed many roads and
highways?

Applying Concepts and Skills in Daily Living:
Self - Reflection
If forces always come in pairs, why don’t they cancel each other?

Making Generalizations and Abstractions:
Let’s Recap
1. What are the two types of inertia?

2. What is the difference between mass and weight?

Developing Mastery : Enrichment Activity
Creating Essay
Guidelines in Writing Essay
• Choose the question provided below and create informative essay.

• The teacher will explain the guidelines in making essay test about science and technology.
• An essay is a piece of writing that is written to convince someone of something or to simply inform the reader
about a particular topic. In order for the reader to be convinced or adequately informed, the essay must be
including several important components to make it a flow in logical way.
• Since the teacher already introduced an essay. In this activity, they have to write their own essay which allows
them to think freely.
• The students are expected to write an essay that has characteristics such as ideas, organization, introduction,
focus, and word choice.
• Provide consistency in doing the essay writing utilizing the ideas about scientific method relying on the given
rubric.

Developing Mastery : Lesson Output
Creating Informative Essay

• Does zero weight exist?
• Why do cars have safety seatbelts?
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL English School Year: 2022 - 2023

Evaluating Learning
Guidelines and Rubric

Assignment
Scientist and their Contributions

Directions: Complete the diagram below. Write their contributions in science and technology.

Closing Prayer
Dear Lord, we are gathered in your presence this day to glorify and honor your name.
Please forgive us for our trespasses and wrongdoings. Help us to be more understanding
and concerned with others because this is your will.
Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.
Please give us an open mind and heart so we can understand thoroughly all the things
that we have discussed in the class.
All these, we pray in your name. Amen

End of Lesson
Introduction to Science and Technology
Thank You! Be Happy!
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL English School Year: 2022 - 2023

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Department of Education

National Capital Region

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

1. Using models or illustrations, explain

2. Differentiate the following:

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Define earthquake waves

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.

All these, we pray in your name. Amen

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Review of Past Lessons

1st Quarter Lesson

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The Plate Tectonic Theory focuses on the forces

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Pangea was surrounded by a global ocean

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The Earth is composed of four different layers:

 The crust (1 percent of Earth’s volume)

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

There are TWO types of crust:

1. Oceanic Crust – Basalt

Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

This layer is composed of very hot, dense rock, and rich in

The top portion of the mantle is called

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The Inner Core

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Natural disasters do happen.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• 452 volcanoes are subdued to this pacific ring of

• Volcano eruptions affect the movement of the

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

About 90 percent of the world’s earthquakes happen

To really understand what faults are, you have to know

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• An Earthquake, therefore, consists of vibrations of

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The earthquake vibrations or seismic

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• On a larger scale, the edges of

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023