Political Structure in Nepal

Political structure in Nepal
1
Political 2-
Ideology constutution
Political structure in
Nepal
4- 3-
political Government
parties branches
1-Political Ideology
Democratic
Totalitarian
2-Constitution
i-Introduction
ii- Directives of the state
A- political obj.
Federal Republic, Democratic, independent,
B-economic obj.
Sustainable development, equal distribution, ppp and coperatives
C- social and cultural obj.
End of discrimination, exploitaiton, injustice,cultural divesity
D- international relation
Enhansing dignity of the nation and neutral and balanced international relation
iii-State policies
A. Economic policies
• Economic prosperity
• PPP
• protection of domestic industries
• Foreign investment
• Transparent foreign assistance
• Consumer interest
• Equitable distribution of means and resources
B .Labor and employment policies
• Labour exploitaiton
• Participation in management
• Trade union
• Child labour
• Encouraging foreign employment experties in national development
• Social security of labor
C -fundamental right
• Property right
• Privacy right
• Constitutional remedies
• Consumer right
• Social security
• Social justice
• 3- Government branches
A-executive
• Federal government
• State government
• Local government
B- judiciary
• Suprime court
• High court
• District court
• Specialized court
C- legislative
X-Federal legislatures
• House of representative 275=165+110
• Naional assembly 1/3 retired every 2 yrs
Y- state/ provincial legislature or state assembly
(56, 63, 66, 36, 52,24, 32)
Z- Local legislature
• Metro municpal assembly
• Municipal assembly
• Rural assembly
4- political parties
Constitutional Provision
• Formation of political parties
• Rules and manifesto must be democratic
• Periodic election in political parties
• Inclusive representation as mention in constitution
• Restriction on political parties
National parties in nepal
Constitutional bodies
1. Commission for the investigation of abuse of authority
2. Auditor general
3. Public service commission
4. Election commission
5. National human rights commission
6. National natural resources and ifscal commission
7. Other commissions
• Women com.
• Dalit com.
• Indigenous com. /////////?
• National inclusion com.
2076-3-29 Role of Govt. In business
1. Government : as promoter
2. Government: as regulator
3. Government : as an entrepreneur
Political Risk Factor in Nepalese Business
4. Political instability
5. Rapid changes in policy
6. Politicized labour union
7. Terrorism
8. Strike and lock out
9. Hostility form stakeholder
Risk assessment of political environment
1. Tour and visit - - -

2. Consultation with experienced person- - - - -
3. Delphi Technique
4. Quantitative and simulation methods
Level of political risk and its impact on business
5. Terrorism, corruption, Threats, higher tax charge (Micro Level)
6. Seize of business
7. Civil war
8. Inflation
9. Currency devaluation
10. Legal changes
11. Loss of technology and intellectual property
Emerging political issues in Nepal
1. New constitution
2. Corporate and good governance (122/180)
3. Political instability
4. Vision of political parties
5. Understanding and political consensus
6. Democratic norms and values
7. Government involvement in business (37 P/E)
8. Labour union or political parties sister organization
9. Weak private secotor (hydro power deficit)
10.Strong employer’s association (FNCCI, NC, CNI)
Business related act in Nepal
1. Fiancé
income tax and VAT
Foreign investment and technology transfer act, 1992
Foreign exchange
2. Labor act, 2017
Bonus, trade union,
foreign employment, child labour, industrial training act
3. Int1965ellectual property (patent Design and Trademark )
act,
4. E-business
5. Consumer protection act, 1998
Black market and other social crime punishment act
Food act Consumer protection act
Income tax
• Liberal and expenses deduction provision
• Method of tax accounting
• Residential and non-residental status
• Tax evasion minimize
• Carry forward and set-up losses
• Tax credit on……..
• Self tax assessment
• Capital gain tax
• Fine and penalties
• Appeal
• Research and development and pollution control
• Broadened tax base
• Confinement (captivity/ caging) of all related matters
• Categorical or block base depreciation
• Civil liability and criminal liability
• Foreign in taxation
Value Added Tax (VAT )
• History:
Major Provision
• Registration
• Obligation,,,,,,
• Penalty ,,,,,,
• VAT exemption,,,,,,
• Administrative review
Foreign exchange (regulation) act,
• Definition
• Transaction
• License
• Securities
• Payment
• Restriction on import and export of certain curreny
• Government can obtain foreign exchange
• Lending and borrowing in foreign exchange loan
• To search suspicious person
• Power to arrest
• Foreign currency account
• Inquiry
• Filing of case
Trade union act 1992
1-Registration
i-unit level
Ii-Association level
Iii-Federation level
2-Autonomous and corporate body
3-Objectives
i. Relation
ii. wellbeing
iii. Productivity
iv. Recognition and discipline
4-authorized union and recognition
5-Fund
Labour act 2017
Industrial No work no pay
Strike
Payment on strike
Formation of tribunal
Employee category
Evaluation of employee’s performance
Firing
No discretionary termination
Compulsory retirement
Probation period
Working hour and overtime
Consumer protection act, 1998
1-council formation
• Functions, duties and power
• suggestion about CRP
• Information dissemination
• Study
• Offer to change
• Update information
• Monitoring
• Discharge
2- promotion and protection of CR
• Rights of consumer:-
• Protection from harmful goods
• Right of information
• Rights of compensation
• Rights of education
3-Governmnet exercise:-
• Formulate policies
• Formulate action plan
• Review and analysis of situation
• Necessary arrangement
• Discourage unfair trading
Consumer protection act, 1998
4-Detail of goods
*
*
*
*
*
Terms, conditions and Guarantee
5-price list in the store -----
Intellectual property act 1965
(Patent , design and trademars) Features of act
Patent
Application and detail
No registration (rejection)
*
*
*
Terms
Design:
Application
Registration
Terms
punishment
Trademark
Application
Registration
Prohibition
Use of trade mark and punishment
Terms
Copy right act, 2002
Features of copy right act
• Protection of copy right
• No copy right protection
• First Owner of economic right
• Use without authorization
Industrial enterprises act, 2016
• No work no pay
• Strike punishable
• Employment of Nepalese citizen
• Easy registration
• Free registration of micro-enterprises
• One window policy (service and complaint)
• Electronic transaction valid
• Compulsory CSR
• Tax emption of five years
Foreign investment and Technology Transfer
Definition
Foreign investment: Equity, reinvestment, loan
Technology transfer: use, specialization, formula,
process, patent, use of trademark, acquiring ,
consultation etc.
Permission:
Repatriation
Visa provision
Dispute settlement
Industrial entreprises act 2016
No work no pay
Strike punishable
Employment to Nepalese citizen
Easy registration
Free registration of micro-enterprises
One window policy
Validation to electronic transaction
Mandatory CSR
Tax emption
Company act 2006
Incorporation
application
Registration
Limited liability
Ters to be abided
Genaral meetings
Board of directiors
Appointment of auditors
Liquidation
No of directors( 3/5 public but 11 pvt.)
Female directors
Online system to office
Number of shareholders 50-101
Share on premium
Socio-cultural environment of Nepal
Contemporary socio-cultural environment in Nepal
• Life style change
• Foreign employment
• Urban and global migration
• Nuclear family
• Attitude change
• Change in celebration
• Cultural adaptation
Effect of socio-cultural change in business
• Diversity in workforce
• Attitude in work place
• Change with out analysis ( westernization)
• Social responsibility
• Professionalism and individualism
• Female role in business and family activities
• Employee turnover
• Skilled empowerment compulsion
Indicators of socio-cultural environment
Language
Customs
Religions
Historical heritage
Level of education
Family size and structure
Social pressure group
Class structure
Adaptation of culture
Risk assessment of political environment
1. Private firm registration act 1958

2. Partnership act, 1964
3. Company act, 2006
4. Industrial enterprises act, 2016
5. Income tax act, 2002
6. Value added tax act, 1996
7. Trade union act, 1992
8. Mines and mineral act, 1985
9. Copyright act, 2002
10. Electronic transaction act, 2006

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Political structure in Nepal

1. Tour and visit - - -

1. Private firm registration act 1958

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