Maths 3 Application Powerpoint (Amended)
Maths 3 Application Powerpoint (Amended)
Maths 3 Application Powerpoint (Amended)
The problem students are confronted with when solving such problems is
which of the four equations to use.
There are two types of equations: 1.
2.
Determine the volume of solid of revolution described the following region.
Determine the volume of solid of revolution described the following region.
Shell Method: Representative Rectangle parallel to axis of rotation
𝑦 =𝑥3
cubic units
Determine the volume of solid of revolution described the following region.
The Disc Method (though not preferable in this case) can also be used.
Representative Rectangle perpendicular to axis of rotation
Determine the volume of solid of revolution described the following region.
WITHOUT THE GRAPH: WRONG SOLUTION
Without the graph the students are likely to commit the following errors:
𝑦
𝑦 =3 𝑥
Disc Method
∆𝑦
cu
𝑥
∆𝑥
𝑥
Shell Method
cubic units
Solution to student quetion: Volume of solid of revolution
Determine the volume of solid of revolution described the following region. .
Solution
6.3 4.3 2.5 1 0 1 2.5 4.3 6.3
0 1 2 3 4
Disc Method:
Shell Method: Note that the
given by distance from the y-axis to 2, minus the distance
[]
Exercises: Volume of solid of revolution
𝑥3 1 2 𝑥3 1 2
( − ) ( + )
2 2 𝑥3 2 2 𝑥3
𝑠 = 𝑑𝑥
can be transformed into a form for which the rule can be applied.
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥)]
𝑛
8 1 2 1 8 1 2 1 2 3 8
− 3 2 −3 3 3 2
∴ 𝑠=∫ 𝑥 3
( 𝑥 +1 ) =¿ ∫ 𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 ) 2 =¿ ⌈ ( 𝑥 3 +1 ) 2 × ⌉ ≈ 10.18 ¿ ¿
3 2
0 20 3 2 3 0
Parametric equations
If 𝑓and 𝑔 are functions having continuous derivatives on a closed interval [ 𝑎, 𝑏]
then the length 𝑠 of the arc of 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡), 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡), 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑓(𝑎);
𝑔(𝑎)) 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑓(𝑏); 𝑔(𝑏)) is given by
Example: Determine the length 𝑠 of the arc over the interval [
Solution
,
2. Double integral applications
To illustrate the double integrals, we start with an example:
Determine
Solution
𝑧 −𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑧 −𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
z
z 𝑧=h(𝑥 , 𝑦)
𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
𝑑
𝑅 𝑅
𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥
Base region
The volume of the shape whose base is the region R on the , whose top
lies on the curve z is
Calculate the volume of the prism whose base is the triangle in the xy-plane bounded by the x-axis and the lines
y = x and x = 1 and whose top lies on the plane
❑ 𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏
𝑉 =∬ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝐴=¿∫ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥=∫ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ¿
𝑅 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
Using vertical representative rectangle:
Evaluate
Solution
This is how the ‘floor’ region looks like;
Evaluate
1
Region:
𝑦 ≤ 4 − 𝑥2
Right choice of representative rectangle
4 √4−𝑦 2𝑦
2
2 4−𝑥 2𝑦
𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑒
∫ ∫ 4−𝑦 ∫ ∫ 4−𝑦
𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
0 0 0 0
𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞
=
Changing the order of integration
Sketch the region of integration and change the order of integration.
Solution
Limits:
The limits give the shaded region
of integration
2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛2 2
∫ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒚
1 0 0 𝑒
𝑦
Changing the order of integration
Evaluate the integral by reversing the order of integration:
Limits:
)
𝑥
1 3 3 3 3 𝑥 3 3
1 1[ 𝑥] 1 9
∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦=∫∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑒 [ 𝑦 ] 𝑑𝑥= 6 ∫ 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥= 6 𝑒 = 6 ( 𝑒 −1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3
0
0 3𝑦 0 0 0 0 0