Power Point Yerosan W.

SALALE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
REVIEW ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION ON THE WELFARE OF FARM HOUSEHOLD IN ETHIOPIA
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE
SENIOR SEMINAR (AgEc 361)
BY: YEROSAN WAKUMA
ID No: 1818
ADVISOR: Mr. GADISA GIRMA (MSc)

JANUARY, 2023
FICHE, ETHIOPIA
THE CONTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION ON THE WELFARE OF FARM
HOUSEHOLD
INTRODUCTION
In Africa, rain feed agriculture forms the backbone of most of the continent’s
economies and providing about 60% of all employment.
However, since, the agriculture practice is depending on rainfall the uncertainty of

the availability of water resources will affect this agricultural production and
challenge socioeconomic systems, and threaten environmental sustainability by
increasing use of non-recyclable resources to feed the growing population.
The effect of this climate change (lack of water availability) will be
significant particularly in east African counters where Ethiopia is located.
Ethiopia is one of the east African countries whose economy is largely
dependent on agriculture and also agriculture is conceded as mainstay of
Ethiopian economy.
Agriculture still remains the main stay of Ethiopian economy,
where around 95% of the country’s agricultural output is produced
by smallholder farmers (MoA, 2010).
Hence, agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy; it

contributes:
 70% of export earnings,
 80% of employment and
 40.2% of country’s gross domestic product (UNDP, 2015).

Therefore, understand the impact of climate change on water
resources to implement appropriate climate change adaptation and
mitigation strategies is important.
Irrigation is one method of agricultural intensification and plays

dominant role in increasing agricultural productivity.
Irrigation is a very old practice, dating back to the earliest
civilizations of humankind.
It is one of the key drivers for growth in agricultural productivity

that by :
 increasing household income and
 alleviation of rural poverty

 Irrigation is defined as the artificial application of water to arid
land and at last rainy periods for growing crops(Asrat D.,et.al,
2019).
 It is the method of providing water to the land using the man-

made process for fulfilling the amount of water required by the
crops for growth.
 Ethiopia has a huge amounts of irrigable land potential with
enough both surface and ground water resources that used to
produce maximum outputs that shares large amounts to GDP.
 A large number of lakes, dams, and reservoirs may also be found

throughout Ethiopia's diverse regions.
Ethiopia’s food supply and economy in general is largely dependent
on rain-fed agriculture. Hence, irrigation development is vital to
minimize the risk of crop failure and sustain agricultural
production.
Use of small-scale irrigation has a great importance to produce
more during rainfall shortage periods.
Welfare: is the highest possible access to economic resources,
high level of well-being, including:
 happiness of the citizens,
 a guaranteed minimum income to avoid living in poverty
 having the capabilities to ensure the individual good life
It can contribute to the welfare of the rural population through:
 increased income,
 food security
 social needs fulfillment and
 poverty reduction.
 Household consumption increment
In Ethiopia, irrigation development is also a priority for agricultural
transformation, but poor practices of irrigation management discourage efforts
to improve
 livelihoods
 expose people
 Poverty reduction
 Household consumption increment
 the environment to risks
Due to this irrigation agriculture is not developed as expected in the
country.
Objectives
1.1 General objective
 Review on the contribution of irrigation on the welfare of farm household
in Ethiopia
1.2 Specific objectives

 To review on the history of irrigation in Ethiopia
 To review on the factors, affect irrigation activity in Ethiopia
 To review on the roles of irrigation on the welfare of farm household
Roles of Irrigation on the welfare of farm Households
 Roles of irrigation as Poverty Reduction
According to Ashu (2022), irrigation in Ethiopia is perceived as a key
approach to:
 minimize poverty,
 food insecurity, and
 rising income
Irrigation has the power of poverty reduction through:
o increasing agricultural production and productivity,
o creating employment opportunity for poor on farm and off farm activity,
o increasing the income of irrigator,
o affecting the price of food and irrigation has negative impact on poverty
and positive impact on income as the review shows that (Iticha, 2019 ).
 As production output
 As Consumption and Food security
 As Employment opportunity
 As Livelihood Improvement
Factor affecting irrigation development in Ethiopia
Ogunniyi (2018) use Logit model and pseudo-R-square, and the significant
variables that determine the adoption of the irrigation technology are:
 education years,
 household size,
 rainfall information,
 access to credit, regional dummies.
According to Yilma J.,et.al, (2021), the results of the linear regression with
endogenous treatment effects showed that irrigation technology use is:
 positively related to crop yield,
 crop income and
 household food security.
Zemarku Zekarias,et.al, (2022) used the binary logistic regression
model and revealed that both the irrigation participants (37.3%) and the
nonparticipant (62.7%) families had:
 a combination of personal and demographic,
 economic,
 institutional, and
 social influencing factors that hinder their likelihood of using
irrigation.
 HH age,  and sex of HH were
 annual income of the positively and significantly
household, influencing factors in the
 distance from the closest model
farm sight,
 farm experience,
 participation in training,
 access to irrigation,
But,
 total ownership of livestock of households and
 health status of households were negatively significant variables

(Zemarku Zekarias,et.al, 2022)

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SALALE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE

BY: YEROSAN WAKUMA

ADVISOR: Mr. GADISA GIRMA (MSc)

However, since, the agriculture practice is depending on rainfall the uncertainty of

Hence, agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy; it

 70% of export earnings,

 80% of employment and

 40.2% of country’s gross domestic product (UNDP, 2015).

Irrigation is one method of agricultural intensification and plays

It is one of the key drivers for growth in agricultural productivity

 increasing household income and

 alleviation of rural poverty

 It is the method of providing water to the land using the man-

 A large number of lakes, dams, and reservoirs may also be found

1.2 Specific objectives

o increasing the income of irrigator,

 total ownership of livestock of households and

 health status of households were negatively significant variables

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