Harvard Style Referencing

HARVARD STYLE
REFERENCING
BACKGROUND
Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite

information sources.
Two types of citations are included:
In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source.

They are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the full
citation.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:
"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2004).
Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the
assignment.
Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.

REFERENCE LISTS
Reference lists are created to allow readers to locate original sources themselves. Each
citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including the:
Name of the author(s)
Year published
Title
City published
Publisher
Pages used
H A RVA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I TAT I O N S
Harvard Reference List citations follow this format:
Last name, First Initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).
Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
If there are multiple sources by the same author, then citations are listed in order
by the date of publication.
CITATIONS FOR BOOKS
The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books

with one author includes the following:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only
include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published:
Publisher, Page(s).
C I TAT I O N S F O R B O O K S W I T H M O R E T H A N
ONE AUTHOR
When creating a citation that has more than one author, place the names in the order in
which they appear on the source. Use the word “and” to separate the names.
Last name, First initial. and Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City:
Publisher, Page(s).
Example:
Desikan, S. and Ramesh, G. (2006). Software testing. Bangalore, India: Dorling
Kindersley, p.156.
Daniels, K., Patterson, G. and Dunston, Y. (2014). The ultimate student teaching guide.
2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, pp.145-151.
CITING A CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
When citing a chapter in an edited book, use the following format:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Chapter title. In: First
initial. Last name, ed., Book Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).
Bressler, L. (2010). My girl, Kylie. In: L. Matheson, ed., The Dogs
That We Love. Boston: Jacobson Ltd., pp. 78-92.
C I T I N G M U LT I P L E W O R K S B Y T H E S A M E
AUTHOR
When there are multiple works by the same author, place the citations in order by year.
When sources are published in the same year, place them in alphabetical order by the title.
Example:
Brown, D. (1998). Digital fortress. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Brown, D. (2003). Deception point. New York: Atria Books.
Brown, D. (2003). The Da Vinci code. New York: Doubleday.

H A RVA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I TAT I O N S F O R P R I N T
J O U R N A L A RT I C L E S
The standard structure of a print journal citation includes the following components:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue),
Page(s).
Examples:
Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic

Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.
H A RVA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I TAT I O N S F O R J O U R N A L
A R T I C L E S F O U N D O N A D ATA B A S E O R O N A W E B S I T E
When citing journal articles found on a database or through a website, include all of the components found in a
citation of a print journal, but also include the medium ([online]), the website URL, and the date that the article was
accessed.
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL
[Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Example:
Raina, S. (2015). Establishing Correlation Between Genetics and Nonresponse. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine,
[online] Volume 61(2), p. 148. Available at: http://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Research-
Library.html [Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].
N E W S PA P E R A RT I C L E S
When citing a newspaper, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, Page(s).
Example:
Weisman, J. (2015). Deal Reached on Fast-Track Authority for Obama on

Trade Accord. The New York Times, p.A1.
H A R VA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I T AT I O N S F O R N E W S P A P E R
A R T I C L E S F O U N D O N A D ATA B A S E O R A W E B S I T E
To cite a newspaper found either on a database or a website, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, [online] pages.
Available at: url [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Example:
Harris, E. (2015). For Special-Needs Students, Custom Furniture Out of Schoolhouse
Scraps. New York Times, [online] p.A20. Available at: http://go.galegroup.com [Accessed
17 Apr. 2015].
MAGAZINES
When citing magazines, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Magazine, (Volume),
Page(s).
Example:
Davidson, J. (2008). Speak her language. Men’s Health, (23), pp.104-106.

H A R VA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I T AT I O N S F O R W E B S I T E S
When citing a website, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial (Year published). Page title. [online] Website name. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
When no author is listed, use the following structure:
Website name, (Year published). Page title. [online] Available at: URL [Accessed Day. Month. Year].
Example:
Messer, L. (2015). 'Fancy Nancy' Optioned by Disney Junior. [online] ABC News. Available at:
http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/fancy-nancy-optioned-disney-junior-2017/story?id=29942496#.VRWbWJwmbs0.twitter
[Accessed 31 Mar. 2015].
H A R VA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I T A T I O N S F O R E B O O K S
AND PDFS
When citing eBooks and PDFs, include the edition, even if it’s the first edition, and follow it with the type of resource in
brackets (either [ebook] or [pdf]). Include the url at the end of the citation with the date it was accessed in brackets.
Use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. [format] City: Publisher, page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed
Day Mo. Year].
Zusack, M. (2015). The Book Thief. [ebook] New York: Knopf. Available at: http://ebooks.nypl.org/ [Accessed 20 Apr.
2015].
Robin, J. (2014). A handbook for professional learning: research, resources, and strategies for implementation. [pdf]
New York: NYC Department of Education. Available at http://schools.nyc.gov/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015].
H A R VA R D R E F E R E N C E L I S T C I T A T I O N S F O R
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Conference proceedings are academic papers or presentations that are created or used for the purpose of a
meeting or conference.
Use the following structure to cite a conference proceeding:
If published online:
Last name, First initial. (Conference Year). Title of Paper or Proceedings. In: Name or Title of Conference.
[online] City: Publisher of the Proceedings, pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
If not published online:

Last name, First initial. (Conference Year). Title of Paper or Proceedings. In: Name or Title of Conference.
City: Publisher of the Proceedings, pages.
Examples:
Palmer, L., Gover, E. and Doublet, K. (2013). Advocating for Your Tech Program. In: National Conference
for Technology Teachers. [online] New York: NCTT, pp. 33-34. Available at:
http://www.nctt.com/2013conference/advocatingforyourtechprogram/ [Accessed 11 Jan. 2014].

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HARVARD STYLE

Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite

Two types of citations are included:

In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source.

Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.

Name of the author(s)

Harvard Reference List citations follow this format:

Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.

The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books

When citing a chapter in an edited book, use the following format:

Brown, D. (1998). Digital fortress. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Brown, D. (2003). The Da Vinci code. New York: Doubleday.

Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic

When citing a newspaper, use the following structure:

Weisman, J. (2015). Deal Reached on Fast-Track Authority for Obama on

When citing magazines, use the following structure:

Davidson, J. (2008). Speak her language. Men’s Health, (23), pp.104-106.

When citing a website, use the following structure:

Use the following structure:

If not published online:

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