Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Contoh Soal Spektrometri Massa, IR, NMR

    Uploaded by

    Clarion 642
    This document provides an overview of three instrumental methods for determining the structure of organic molecules: mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and procedures of each method, including how samples are analyzed to produce results, and provides examples of spectral data analysis to identify functional groups or deduce molecular structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Contoh Soal Spektrometri Massa, IR, NMR

    Uploaded by

    Clarion 642
    12 views13 pages
    This document provides an overview of three instrumental methods for determining the structure of organic molecules: mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and procedures of each method, including how samples are analyzed to produce results, and provides examples of spectral data analysis to identify functional groups or deduce molecular structure.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of three instrumental methods for determining the structure of organic molecules: mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and procedures of each method, including how samples are analyzed to produce results, and provides examples of spectral data analysis to identify functional groups or deduce molecular structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views13 pages

    Contoh Soal Spektrometri Massa, IR, NMR

    Uploaded by

    Clarion 642
    This document provides an overview of three instrumental methods for determining the structure of organic molecules: mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and procedures of each method, including how samples are analyzed to produce results, and provides examples of spectral data analysis to identify functional groups or deduce molecular structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    Instrumental Methods for Determining the Structure of

    an Organic Molecule
    1. Mass Spectrometry
    – Sample is vaporized
    – Sample is subjected to high-speed electrons, which ionizes the
    sample (removes electrons and/or breaks bonds)
    – Sample goes through electric field (acceleration)
    – Sample goes through magnetic field (deflection)
    – Sample goes to detector, which “sends” results to recorder.
    • The highest mass recording on a mass spectrum usually corresponds
    to the molar mass of the entire molecule.
    – Other peaks represent molecular “fragments.”

    Examples
    1-propanol
    2-propanol
    What peaks would you expect to find for ethanol,
    CH3CH2OH?
    46, 31, 29, 17, 15
    2. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy – Most organic molecules
    absorb infrared light at certain frequencies:
    – Stretching bonds
    – Bending bonds
    • Allows us to identify the presence of certain functional
    groups or bond types
    • “Frequencies” are often given in wavenumbers –
    measured in cm-1
    Peaks of Interest
    Bond Wavenumber
    C-O (found in alcohols, ethers,
    ν = 1000-1300 cm-1
    and esters)
    C=C ν = 1610-1680 cm-1
    C=O (found in aldehydes,
    ν = 1680-1750 cm-1
    ketones, acids, esters)
    C=C ν = 2070-2250 cm-1
    ν = 2500-3300 cm-1 in acids
    O-H ν = 3580-3670 cm-1 free
    ν = 3230-3550 cm-1 in alcohols
    N-H ν = 3350-3500 cm-1
    3. 1
    H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy
    - Gives the chemical environment of all hydrogen
    atoms in a molecule.
    - Uses a strong magnetic field.
    - the position of a peak represents “chemical shift,”
    which is determined by the chemical environment, and
    is measured in parts per million (ppm). In general, the
    closer H atoms are to a functional group, the greater the
    chemical shift.
    - the area under each peak corresponds to the number
    of hydrogen atoms in that particular environment.
    Higher peaks represent more H atoms.
    Example – A compound “X” contains 48.63 % C, 8.18 % H, and 43.19
    % O by mass. The mass spectrum contains peaks at mass/charge
    ratios of 29, 31, 45, and 74. The 1H NMR spectrum shows peaks at
    1.3 ppm (relative area 3), 4.2 ppm (relative area 2) and 8.1 ppm
    (relative area 1). The IR spectrum is shown below:

    Identify the compound


    Polymers
    • Polymers are large chains built from smaller molecules (monomers)
    • Addition Polymerization (ex. – polyethylene)
    – Initiation – free radical is formed (species with an odd electron)
    H H
    H H

    C C H C C

    H H
    OH H

    OH

    – Propagation – happens over and over again – chain becomes very long
    H H H H
    H H

    C C H C C C C

    H H
    OH H H H
    H H

    H C C

    OH H
    • Termination – 2 radicals combine

    H H H H H H H H

    R C C C C R' R C C C C R'

    OH H H H H H H H

    Condensation Polymerization (ex – nylon, polyester)


    • Produces H2O
    H H H H H
    H O
    O

    R C N C C R' R C N O C C R'
    H OH
    H H H H
    amine acid (poly) amide
    (or alcohol) or polyester

    You might also like