Find The Electric Field A Distance R From A Line of Positive Charge of Infinite Length and Constant Charge Per Unit Length

Example 23.
7:
A Cylindrically Symmetric Charge Distribution
Find the electric field a distance r from a line of
positive charge of infinite length and constant charge
per unit length .
A Cylindrically Symmetric Charge
Distribution
  qin  
 E   E  dA  E  dA  EA  
0 0
  
E  2 r   E  2ke
0 2 0 r r
What if the line segment in this example were not
infinitely long?

E  2k e
r
Line of Charge or Cylindrical Object
Calculate the electric
field at a radial distance
r for an infinite long wire
carries charge q.
Acylinder  2 rl
 E   E cos  dA l
E  2 rl  
0
 E 
 Q in

l
 
0 0 E   2k
2 0 r r
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 102, 2nd Semester 2019/2020
Test problem
A uniformly charged long wire has linear charge density +λ. The
electric field at a distance r from the wire varies with r as:
(a) E 1/r
(b) E 1/r2
(c) E r
(d) E r2
(e) E is constant
 E  EA cos  
 Q
 E 2r 
in 
0 0
  1
E   2k  E 
2r 0 r r
Test problem
A uniformly charged long solid insulating cylinder of radius R = 0.1m
carries a linear charge density +l. The magnitude of electric field is 1000N/C
at point A that is at a distance r = 0.3 m from the axis of the cylinder. The
value of the electric field on the surface of the cylinder is:
A 
(A) 6000 B
r
a b
(B) 3000 +
R
(C) 166.6
(D) 333.3 Q   
 E  EA cos   in
 E 2r   E   2k
(E) Zero 0 0 2r 0 r

1000  2  9 109     16.7  10 9 C / m  16.7 nC / m
0.3
9
 9 16.7  10
 E  2k  E  2  9  10   3000 N / C
R 0. 1
Test problem
A thin hollow long conducting cylindrical shell of radius “a” and
carries a surface charge density . The electric field at point P
that is located at a distance r from the axis of the cylinder is:
a
(A) 2 a
 0r
 P
kQ
(B) 2
r  E  EA cos  
 Q in
(C) Zero 0
 2 a  r
(D)
a E 2 r  
 0r 0
a a
(E) r E 
0 r 0
Infinite Sheet
Calculate the net electric
field emitted from an
infinite plane conducting
sheet carries uniform
charge density .
 E   E cos  dA 
 Q in
0
A 
 E  2EA  E 
0 2 0
Test problem
A uniformly charged wire carries a positive liner charge density +.
If the magnitude of electric field at point A distance r = 0.9m from the
wire is 100 N/C , then the linear charge density (in nC/m) on the wire
is:
 E  EA cos  
 Qin
+
(A) 5 0
(B) 10 E 2r 

(C) 15 0
r
(D) 20 E 

 2k
 A
(E) 25 2r 0 r
9 
100  2  9 10 
0.9
   5 10 9 C / m  5 nC / m
Test problem
A uniformly charged long wire carries λ = +8x10-8C/m penetrates an insulating
cylinder of radius R = 0.5m and height H = 0.3m as shown in the figure. If the
wire pass through the cylinder’s center, then the net electric flux (in Nm2/C)
through the cylinder is:
+λ
A) 1.81103
B) 3.62103
C) 7.23103 R
D) 9.04103
E) 12.03103 H
 E  EA cos  
 Q in

  2 R

0 0 0
8  10 8 1 3 2
 E  12
 9. 04  10 N .m /C
8.85 10
Test problem
A cylindrical Gaussian surface of radius a and height l is penetrating an
infinite uniformly charged sheet. If the sheet’s surface charge density is +σ
then the net electric flux through the cylindrical Gaussian surface is
(a) σπa2/ε0
(b) σπa2/2ε0
(c) σπal/ε0
(d) 2πalσ/ε0
A
(e) Zero  E  2EA 
0
 Qin  a 2 
 E  2 EA cos   
0 0
Test problem
A large non-conducting plastic sheet carries uniform
surface charge densities -2σ and +2σ as shown in the
figure. The magnitude of the net electric field at a point P
that is located at the middle of the sheet is:
(a) 2σ/ε0 
(b) 4σ/ε0 E 
2 0
(c) Zero
(d) σ/ε0 2 2
E1  & E2 
(e) σ/2ε0 2 0 2 0

 Enet  E1  E2  2
0
Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium
A good electrical conductor contains charges (electrons)
that are not bound to any atom and therefore are free to
move about within the material. When there is no net
motion of charge within a conductor, the conductor is
in electrostatic equilibrium.
1. The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conductor.
2. If an isolated conductor carries a charge, the charge resides on its
surface.
3. The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to
the surface of the conductor and has a magnitude δ/ε0, where δ is the
surface charge density at that point.
4. On an irregularly shaped conductor, the surface charge density is
greatest at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is
smallest.
Example 23.8:
A Plane of Charge
Suppose two infinite planes of

charge are parallel to each other, one
positively charged and the other
negatively charged. The surface
charge densities of both planes are
of the same magnitude. What does
the electric field look like in this
situation?
Tow Conducting Plane Sheets

 E
2 0
  
E1  & E2   @ po int b : Enet  E1  E2 
2 0 2 0 0
Electric Field Inside a Charged Conductor
When a net charge

is placed on a
conductor, the
charge distribute
itself on the surface
in such away that
the electric field
inside is zero.
If Qin≠ 0, then E ≠ 0
Induced Charge in Conductors
Induced charges
redistribute the charge
on a conducting body.
If Qin≠ 0, then E ≠ 0
Test problem
A charged conducting spherical shell with a net charge of -2q has radii
a and b. If a point charge of +q is placed at the center, then the surface
charge density on the outer surface of the conducting shell is:
(a) Zero
(b) –2q/4πb2
(c) –q/4πb2
(d) q/4πb2
(e) 2q/4πb2
-q
Q q
  2 -q
A 4b
Test problem
A conducting spherical shell of inner radius b and outer radius c has
a net charge –Q. A solid conducting sphere of radius a and a net
positive charge 2Q is placed inside, at the centre of, the spherical
shell as shown in the figure.
a) What is the net charge on the
inner surface of the spherical shell?
Ans: -2Q
b) What is the net charge on the outer
surface of the spherical shell?
Ans: +Q
c) Find the electric field in the
region labelled  (r < a)
E   E cos  dA   Q in
E=0 0
 E   E cos  dA  
Q in
0
d) Find the electric field in the region
labelled  (a<r <b)
Ans: since Q= 2Q,  From Gausses’
Law: E= 2kQ/r2
e) Find the electric field in the
 (b<r <c)
region labelled
Ans: since Q = 0,  From Gausses’
Law: E= 0
f) Find the electric field in the region labelled 
(r > c )
Ans: since Q = Q,  From Gausses’ Law:
E= kQ/r2
g) Plot E versus r from the centre of the solid sphere to r>> c
E
2kQ/a2
2kQ/b2
kQ/c2
0 r
a b c
Test problem Conducting shell of net
A point charge +Q is placed at the centre of two concentric

charge -2Q
spherical conducting shells as shown in the figure. r

The inner shell has radii a and b and carries a net P5
charge of +Q The outer shell has radii c and d
and carries a net charge of -2Q.
P4
P3
(a) Calculate the electric field at the P 2
d
P
following points: 1
Q in +Q
c
Point P1:  E   E  dA 
0 +2Q
-Q a b
Q Q -2Q
( E )(4 r 2 )  in 
0 0
Qin Q kQ
E  
 0 4 0 r 2 r 2 Conducting shell of net
charge +Q
Q in
Point P2:  E   E  dA 
Qin Q  Q
0 E  Zero
2
( E )(4 r )    Zero {q inside a conductor is zero}
0 0
Point P3:   E  dA  Q in
Conducting shell of net

charge -2Q
E
0 r
2 Q in Q  Q  Q  Q 2Q P5
(E )(4 r )    P4
0 0 0 P2
P3
d
P1
+Q
2Q 2kQ c
E 2
 2 -Q a b
4 0 r r -2Q
+Q
Q in
Point P4:  E 
 E  dA   0
Q Q  Q  Q  Q  2Q Zero Conducting shell of net
(E )(4 r 2 )  in   charge +Q
0 0 0
E  Zero {q is side a conductor is zero}

Test problem
A very long thin wire has a uniform positive linear charge density +. The
wire is surrounded by two coaxial long conducting cylindrical shells of radii
a and b as shown in the figure. The inner cylindrical shell has a uniform
surface charge density - whereas the outer cylindrical shell has a uniform
surface charge density +. Find the electric field at the following points;
Point A b
A +
 E   E cos  dA 
 Q in ×r + a
-
0 + +
Qin  L +
E (2 rL)   +
0 0 +
 2k  +
E   +
2 0 r r
Point B b
B +
 E   E cos  dA 
 Q in
× r
+ a-
+ +
0 +
Qin  L   A +
E (2 rL)   +
0 0 +
+
 L   (2 aL)
E (2 rL) 
0
 a
E  
2 0 r  0 r
b
C +
× r + a
Point C -
+ +

+
Q in +
 E   E cos  dA  +
0 +
+
Qin  L   A1   A2
E (2 rL)  
0 0
 L   (2 aL)   (2 bL)
E (2 rL) 
0
 a b
E   
2 0 r  0 r  0 r
Extra Examples
& Test Problems

Test problem
The electric field at the top surface of a cylinder is directed as shown in
the figure. If the cylinder top surface has an area A, then the electric
flux E through the top surface of the cylinder is given by:
a) EA y E
b) -EA
c) EA sin 
x
d) EA cos
e) Zero
 E  EA cos 
Both E and the normal to the surface areParalle l :
  E  EA cos 0  EA
Test problem
A hemisphere of radius R is placed in a uniform electric field E directed
upward as shown in the figure. The electric flux through the base of the
hemisphere is:
a) R2E E
b) R2E
c) zero R
d) 4R2E
e) 2R2E
 E  EA cos 
Since the normal to the surface is normal to E :
  E  EA cos 90  0
Can you find the E through the surface of the hemisphere?
Think!
Test problem
An empty hemisphere is placed inside a uniform electric field as
shown in the figure. The electric flux, E, leaving the curved
surface of the hemisphere (S2) is:
Base surface S1 Curved surface S2
(A) 2R E
(B) Zero R
E
(C) 4R2 E
(D) 2R2 E  E  EA cos 
(E) R2E For S1 :  E  EA cos 0  EA  R 2 E
Since any E  field line going through curved
surface S 2 must have passed through base surface S1 :
  E  R 2 E
Test problem
A point charge +q is placed near a spherical shell of radius R
as shown in the figure. The net electric flux through the shell
is:
(a) +q/2ε0
(b) -q/ε0 Q in  0
(c) q/ε0  E  0
(d) 4πR2E
(e) Zero
E  EA cos  
 Q in
0
0
Test problem
A cylindrical surface of base area A = 1m2 and  L = 2 m
length
is placed in variable horizontal electric field E (x )  i (2  x )105 V / m
as shown in the figure. The net charge (in C) inside the cylinder is:
y
a) 1.77 L A
b) 3.54 E
c) Zero x
d) -1.77  E  EA cos  
Qin
0
e) 53.1 z
E1 ( x  0)  2 105 N / C and E2 ( x  L)  4  105 N / C
  E   E1   E 2  E1 A cos 180  E2 A cos 0
Qin
  E  2  105  4  105  2  105 
8.85  10 12
 Qin  1.77  10 6 C  1.77 C

Find The Electric Field A Distance R From A Line of Positive Charge of Infinite Length and Constant Charge Per Unit Length

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Find The Electric Field A Distance R From A Line of Positive Charge of Infinite Length and Constant Charge Per Unit Length

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Example 23.

Suppose two infinite planes of

When a net charge

A point charge +Q is placed at the centre of two concentric

spherical conducting shells as shown in the figure. r

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 102, 2nd Semester 2019/2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 102, 2nd Semester 2019/2020

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