c/c/++ parogram
BY. Haris malik
Writing C++ Programs
The source code of a c++ program is stored on the
disk with file extension cpp (c plus plus).
Any text editor can be used to write and edit C++
source code.
the Borland C++ and Turbo C++ have their own
editors for writing the source code.
The source code is written in the editor and then it is
compiled.
Contd…
The C++ compiler translates a C++ source program
into the machine code.
The machine code is called object code.
It is stored in a new file with extension obj.
The object code is then linked to the libraries.
After linking the object code to the libraries, an
executable file with extension exe is created.
Contd…
For example, a source code of program in C++ is
written and stored in file first.cpp.
After compilation, the object code is saved in the file
first.obj and the executable code is stored in file
first.exe.
Structure of a C++ program
A C++ program consists of three main parts.
Preprocessor Directives
The main() Function
C++ Statements
Preprocessor Directives
The instruction that are given to the compiler before
the beginning of the actual program are called
preprocessor directives.
Also known as compiler directives.
The compiler adds special code from these directives
into the program, at the time of compilation.
Contd…
These preprocessor directives normally starts with a
number sign (#) and the keyword include.
For example, preprocessor directives are used to
include header files in the program.
Let us consider a simple program example.
Example
# include <iostream.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main ()
{
cout<<“hello world”;
getch();
}
What are Header Files?
Header file is a C++ source file that contains
definitions of library functions/objects.
Header files are added into the main program at the
compilation of the program.
A header file is added if the function/object defined
in it is to be used in the program.
Contd…
The preprocessor directives include is used to add a
header file into the program.
The name of the file is written in angle brackets (< >)
after #include directive.
C++ has a large number of header files in which
library functions are defined.
The header file must be included in the program
before calling its function in the program.
Contd…
A single header file may contain a large number of
built-in functions.
For example, the header file iostream.h has
definitions of different input and output objects and
functions.
It is included in the example program because its
object cout is used in the program.
Contd…
The syntax to include a header file is:
# include <name of the header file>
The main() Function
The main() function indicates the beginning of a C++
program.
The main() must be included in every C++ program.
When a C++ program is executed, it is the first
function that is executed.
If main() function is not included, the program is not
compiled and an error message is generated.
C++ Statements
The statements of the program are written inside the
main() function between the curly braces ({}).
Each statement in a C++ program must end with a
semi colon (;)
Program Examples on Data Types
Program No. 1: Write a program which will ask
to enter the distance in miles.
The program should convert the distance entered in
mile to kilometers.
One mile is equal to 1.607 kilometers.
Program No. 2: Write a program which will
calculate the sum and average marks of all students of
BCS-1st in the subject of programming.
Contd…
Program No 2: Write a program which will calculate
the area of a circle.
The formulae for the calculation of circle area is:
A = π r2
Quantities required are given as under.
π = 3.1416
r = 10.8
What is Compiler?
A compiler is a program that translates a source
program written in some high-level programming
language (such as C++) into machine code.
