Statistics and Probability (Module5 Lesson1.1)

T U R A C N AT I O N A L H I G H S C H O O L
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
Lesson 1: Simple Concepts in Hypothesis Testing
PREPARED&PRESENTED BY: ELIJAH CERALDE

OBJECTIVES
LESSONS • Illustrate statistical hypotheses
• Lesson 1- Concepts in • Differentiate a null
Hypothesis Testing hypothesis from alternative
hypothesis.
• Differentiate Type I from
Type II error.
Lesson 1.1 POINTS TO TALK ABOUT
Concepts in Hypothesis Testing • Statistical hypothesis
- Null hypothesis
- Alternative hypothesis
Statistical Hypothesis
• Hypothesis is an educated guess . It provides
proposed outcomes based on experience.
• A statistical hypothesis is a claim or a

conjecture that may either be true or false.
• Null Hypothesis (Ho) is a statement saying that there is no
significant difference between population parameter and
value.
-It usually comes with “ = ”, “ ≤ ”, or “ ≥ ” when written
in symbol.
• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is a statement saying that

there is a significant difference between the population
parameter and value.
-It usually comes with “ ≠ ”, “ < ”, or “ > ” when written
in symbol
Guidelines in Formulating a Hypothesis
1.Identify the claim.

2.Identify the parameter. (Population mean/ Population proportion)
3.Represent the parameter by symbol. (µ/p)
4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary to each
other.
Example.1.1
The Head of the Sports Department of San City claims that

the mean height of Grade 7 players is 160 cm. To test this
claim, the department randomly selected 45 student players
and obtained a mean height of 161 cm.
1. Identify the claim.

- The mean height of Grade 7 players is 160 cm.
2. Identify the parameter. (Population mean/ Population proportion)

- Population mean
3. Represent the parameter by symbol. (µ/p)
-µ
4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary.

- Ho: Parameter = Value Ha: Parameter ≠ Value
HYPOTHESES:
Ho: µ = 160 Ha: µ ≠ 160
Ho: The average height of Ha: The average height of
Grade 7 student-players Grade 7 student-players is
is 160cm. not equal to 160cm.
Example.1.2
A teacher wants to test his assumption that less than half of

the Senior High School students enjoy their philosophy class.
After randomly selecting 120 students, he found out that 80
students like their philosophy class.
1. Claim.
-Less than half of the Senior High School students enjoy their
philosophy class.
2. Parameter.
- Population proportion
3. Parameter in symbol.
-p
4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary.

- Ho: Parameter ≤ Value Ha: Parameter > Value
HYPOTHESES:
Ho: p = p ≤ 0.50 Ha: p > 0.30
Ho: The number of Senior Ha: The number of Senior
high school students who high school students who
enjoy philosophy class is enjoy philosophy class is
less than or equal to 50%. more than 50%.
SUMMARY: Statistical Hypothesis
• Null Hypothesis (Ho) is a statement saying that there is no significant
difference between population parameter and value.
• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is a statement saying that there is a
significant difference between the population parameter and value.
Guidelines in Formulating a Hypothesis

1.Identify the claim.
2.Identify the parameter. (Population mean/ Population proportion)
3.Represent the parameter by symbol. (µ/p)
4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary to each other.
Lesson 1.2 POINTS TO TALK ABOUT
Concepts in Hypothesis Testing • Types of Error

-Type I error
- Type II error
TYPES of ERRORS
TYPE I ERROR TYPE II ERROR
- Rejected a null hypothesis - Accepted the null hypothesis
that is true. that is false.
- Level of significance - Represented by beta (β)
- Represented by alpha (α)

Type I error
Type II error
A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a random sample of

observations with a given level of probability of committing an
error in making the decision, whether the hypothesis is true or
false.
The decision of accepting or rejecting a statement or claim is
coupled with consequences.
Example.2.1
After studying in senior high school, Sola is thinking whether or
not to pursue a degree in college. She was told that if she graduates
with a degree in college, a life of fulfilment and happiness awaits her.
Assist Mary in making her decision.
• Type I error is committed if Mary decides not to pursue a

degree in college and a possible consequence is she lost the
opportunity to have a happy and fulfilled life.
• Type II error is committed when Mary pursued a degree in
college and ended up with an unhappy and less fulfilled life.
Example.2.2
A manufacturer of IT gadgets recently announced they had
developed a new battery for a tablet and claimed that it has an
average life of at least 48 hours. Will you buy this?
• Type I error is committed if you decide not to buy the battery and
a possible consequence is you lost the opportunity to have a
battery that could last for at least 24 hours.
• Type II error is committed when you buy the battery and found
out that the battery’s life was less than 24 hours. A possible
consequence is that you wasted your money in buying the battery.
Type I error
Type II error
A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a random sample of

observations with a given level of probability of committing an
error in making the decision, whether the hypothesis is true or
false.
The decision of accepting or rejecting a statement or claim is
coupled with consequences.
T U R A C N AT I O N A L H I G H S C H O O L
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
Lesson 1: Simple Concepts in Hypothesis Testing
PREPARED&PRESENTED BY: ELIJAH CERALDE

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T U R A C N AT I O N A L H I G H S C H O O L

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

PREPARED&PRESENTED BY: ELIJAH CERALDE

• A statistical hypothesis is a claim or a

• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is a statement saying that

1.Identify the claim.

The Head of the Sports Department of San City claims that

1. Identify the claim.

2. Identify the parameter. (Population mean/ Population proportion)

4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary.

A teacher wants to test his assumption that less than half of

4. The null and alternative hypotheses are complimentary.

Guidelines in Formulating a Hypothesis

Concepts in Hypothesis Testing • Types of Error

- Represented by alpha (α)

A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a random sample of

• Type I error is committed if Mary decides not to pursue a

A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a random sample of

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

PREPARED&PRESENTED BY: ELIJAH CERALDE

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