Configure Computer

System and Network

 System Configuration
✘ It is the way a system is set up.
✘ It is the collection of components that make up the
system.
✘ Refers to either hardware or software, or the
combination of both.

2
 System Configuration
✘ For instance, a typical configuration for a PC consists
of 32MB (megabytes) main memory, a floppy drive, a
hard disk, a modem, a CD-ROM drive, a VGA monitor,
and the Windows Operating System.

3
 System Configuration

✘ When you install a new device or program, you

sometimes need to configure it, which means that you
need to set various switches and jumpers (for hardware)
and to define values of parameters (for software).

4
 Safety Precautions Related to Networks

 Read the labels on the ladder, and follow any safety

instructions written on it.
 Never stand on the top rung of the ladder. You could
easily lose your balance and fall.
 Make sure that people in the area know you will be
working there.

5
 Safety Precautions Related to Networks

 Cordon off the area with caution tape or safety cones.

 When you are using a ladder that leans up against a
wall, follow the instructions written on the ladder, and
have someone hold the ladder to help keep it steady.

6
 Safety rules when working with cables:
✘ Make sure that the tools you are using are in good working
condition.
✘ Watch what you are doing, and take your time.
✘ Make sure that you do not cut yourself or place anyone in danger.
✘ Always wear safety glasses when cutting, stripping, or splicing
cables of any kind. Tiny fragments can injure your eyes.
✘ Wear gloves whenever possible, and dispose any waste properly.

7
Fiber-Optic Safety
Fiber-optic cables are useful for communications, but they have certain hazards:
 Dangerous chemicals
 Tools with sharp edges
 Light which you cannot see that can burn your eyes
 Glass shards produced by cutting fiber-optic cable that can cause bodily harm.
Specific types of tools and chemicals are used when working with fiber-optic cable. These materials must be
handled with care.

8
tools
The tools used for working with fiber optics have sharp cutting surfaces that are
used to scribe glass. Other tools pinch cables with high pressure to fasten connectors
to them. These tools can produce shards of glass that can splinter and fly into the air.
You must avoid getting them on your skin and in your mouth or eyes.

9
GLASS SHARDS
You should keep the work area clean and neat. Never pick up fiberoptic fragments
with your fingers. Use tape to pick up small fragments, and dispose them off
properly. Use a disposable container, such as a plastic bottle with a screw-on lid, to
store fiber fragments. Close the lid tightly before disposing the container.

10
HARMFUL LIGHT
Protect your eyes from the harmful light that may be in the fiber-optic strands. The
light is a color that humans cannot see. It can damage your eyes before you can feel
it. When you use a magnifier to inspect fiber-optic cable and connectors, the light
emitted from the fiber could be directed into your eyes. When working with fiber,
be sure to disconnect the light source. Use special detectors to help you tell if a fiber
is energized.

11
Common Network Cables

12
Twisted Pair
 It is a type of copper cabling that is used for telephone communications and
most Ethernet networks.
 A pair of wires forms a circuit that transmits data.
 Provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs of
wires in the cable.

13
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
 It is the cable that has two or four
pairs of wires. This type of cable
relies solely on the cancellation
effect produced by the twisted-wire
pairs that limits signal degradation
caused by electromagnetic interface
(EMI) and radio frequency
interference (RFI).
 UTP is the most commonly used
cabling in networks.
 UTP cables have a range of 328 feet
(100 m).

14
shielded twisted pair (STP)
 Each pair of wire is wrapped in
metallic foil to better shield the wires
from noise. Four pairs of wires are
then wrapped in an overall metallic
braid or foil.
 STP reduces electrical noise from
within the cable. It also reduces EMI
and RFI from outside the cable.

15
CATEGORY RATING
UTP comes in several categories that are
based on two factors:
 The number of wires in the cable
  The number of twists in those wires

16
CATEGORY RATING
1. Category 3 is the wiring used for telephone
systems and Ethernet LAN at 10 Mega byte per
second (Mbps).
2. Category 3 has four pairs of wires.
3. Category 5 and Category 5e have four pairs of
wires with a transmission rate of 100 Mbps.
4. Category 5 and Category 5e is the most common
network cables used.
5. Category 5e has more twists per foot than Category
5 wiring.

17
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is a copper-cored
cable surrounded by a heavy
shielding. Coaxial cable is used to
connect the computers to the rest
of the network.

18
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable uses “British Naval
Connectors (BNC)” or “Bayonet Neill
Concelman” connectors
 Thicknet (10BASE5) is a coaxial
cable used in networks operating at
10 Mbps, with a maximum length of
500 meters.
 Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial
cable used in networks operating at
10 Mbps, with a maximum length of
185 meters

19
Coaxial Cable
 RG-59 is most commonly
used for cable television in
the U.S.
 RG-6 is higher-quality cable
than RG-59, with more
bandwidth and less
susceptibility to interference.

20
Fiber-Optic Cable
 An optical fiber is a glass or plastic
conductor that transmits information
using light.
 Fiber optic cable has one or more optical
fibers enclosed in a sheath or jacket.
 Because it is made of glass, fiber-optic
cable is not affected by EMI or RFI.

21
Fiber-Optic Cable
These are the two types of glass fiber-optic cable:
 Multimode is the cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable. It is easier
to make, can use simpler light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs),
and works well over distances of a few kilometers or less.

22
Fiber-Optic Cable
These are the two types of glass fiber-optic cable:
 Single-mode is the cable that has a very thin core. It is harder to make, uses
lasers as a light source, and can transmit signals dozens of kilometers with ease.

23
Fabricating an Ethernet Cross-over
and Straight-through Cable

24
Fiber-Optic Cable
These are the two types of glass fiber-optic cable:
 Single-mode is the cable that has a very thin core. It is harder to make, uses
lasers as a light source, and can transmit signals dozens of kilometers with ease.

25
 Fabricating an Ethernet Cross-over and
Straight-through Cable
 the computers need to be connected to a central router to
allow data transfer. The router takes all the bits being
sent out by the computers and relays them onto the other
devices on the network.

26
 Fabricating an Ethernet Cross-over and
Straight-through Cable
 The STRAIGHT-THROUGH ETHERNET
CABLE is used in local area network to
connect a PC to a network hub and router.
This is the standard cable used for almost all
purposes.
 A CROSS-OVER CABLE, on the other
hand, can be used to connect two network
devices directly, without the need for a
router in the middle. It simply reverses some
of the pins so that the output on one
computer is being sent to the input of
another.
27
ASSESSMENT

28
 ASSESSMENT
1.What are the different types of fiber connectors? Cite
their advantages and disadvantages?
2.List down the different types of connectors and its
functions.
3.What are the characteristics of UTP, STP and coaxial
cable?

29