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This document discusses electrical drives. It defines an electrical drive as a system that uses an electric motor as the prime mover for motion control applications. Electrical drives are commonly used in industrial and domestic applications. The document discusses the advantages of electrical drives such as flexible control and the ability to operate in various environmental conditions. It also lists some disadvantages like high initial cost and potential noise pollution. Additionally, it describes the typical components of an electrical drive system including the electric motor, power modulator, control unit and power source.

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40 views14 pages

Cha 1

This document discusses electrical drives. It defines an electrical drive as a system that uses an electric motor as the prime mover for motion control applications. Electrical drives are commonly used in industrial and domestic applications. The document discusses the advantages of electrical drives such as flexible control and the ability to operate in various environmental conditions. It also lists some disadvantages like high initial cost and potential noise pollution. Additionally, it describes the typical components of an electrical drive system including the electric motor, power modulator, control unit and power source.

Uploaded by

yared
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental of Electrical Drive

Chapter One

Drive : systems employed for motion control are called drives. Motion
control is required in industrial as well as domestic applications like
transportation system, rolling mills paper mills, textile, machine tools,
fans, pumps, robots, washing machines etc.

generally, a drive system is basically has a mechanical load, a


transmission system and prime mover. The prime mover may be I.C
engine, steam engine, turbine or electric motors.

Drives employing electric motors as prime mover are known as


electric drives.

Electric motors are predominantly employed as prime mover due to


certain advantages
Advantages of Electrical Drives

 Flexible control characteristics


Starting and braking is easy and simple

provides a wide range torques over a wide range of speeds (both


ac and dc motor)
Availability of wide range of electrical power

Work to almost any type of environmental conditions


 No exhaust gases emitted
Capable of operating in all 4 quadrants of torque-speed plane
can be started and accelerated at very short time
 Electric motor has high efficiency
Disadvantages of Electrical Drives

The application of the drive is limited because it cannot use in a


place where the power supply is not available.

It can cause noise pollution.

The initial cost of the system is high.

It has a poor dynamic response.

The output power obtained from the drive is low.

During the breakdown of conductors or short circuit, the system


may get damaged due to which several problems occur.
Parts of Electrical Drives

A modern variable speed electrical drive system has the following


components Electric motors and loads
 Power Modulator
 Sources
 Control unit
 Sensing unit
Cont…

Electric motors
• Most commonly used electrical machines for speed and torque
control applications are the following

DC Machines :Shunt, series, compound, separately excited DC


motors and switched reluctance machines.
AC Machines: Induction, wound rotor, synchronous, PM
synchronous and synchronous reluctance machines.
Special Machines: Brushless DC motors, stepper motors, switched
reluctance motors are used.

 In general electric motor can be classified in electric drives as


 DC drive
 AC drive
Comparison between DC and AC drives
DC DRIVES AC DRIVES
The power circuit and control circuit The power circuit and control circuit are
is simple and inexpensive complex

It requires frequent maintenance Less Maintenance

The commutator makes the motor These problems are not there in these motors
bulky, costly and heavy and are inexpensive, particularly squirrel cage
induction motors

Fast response and wide speed range of control, In solid state control the speed range is wide
can be achieved smoothly and conventional method is stepped and limited
by conventional and solid state
control

Speed and design ratings are limited Speed and design ratings have upper limits
due to commutations
Cont…

Power Modulators

Functions:
 Modulates flow of power from the source to the motor in such a
manner that motor is imparted speed-torque characteristics required
by the load
 During transient operation, such as starting, braking and speed
reversal, it restricts source and motor currents with in permissible
limits.
 It converts electrical energy of the source in the form of suitable to
the motor
 Selects the mode of operation of the motor (i.e.) Motoring and
Braking.
Cont…

Types of Power Modulators

In the electric drive system, the power modulators can be any one of
the following

Controlled rectifiers (ac to dc converters)


 Inverters (dc to ac converters)
 AC voltage controllers (AC to AC converters)
 DC choppers (DC to DC converters)
 Cyclo-converters (Frequency conversion)
Cont…
Cont…

Power Source
Provides the energy to the drive system
Very low power drives are generally fed from single phase sources.
Rest of the drives is powered from a 3 phase source.
Low and medium power motors are fed from a 400v supply.

For higher ratings, motors may be rated at 3.3KV, 6.6KV and 11


KV. Some drives are powered from battery and solar.

DC – batteries, fuel cell, photovoltaic - unregulated


AC – Single- three- phase utility, wind generator - unregulated
Cont…

Sensing Unit

(From Motor)
Speed Sensing
 Torque Sensing
 Position Sensing
 Current sensing and Voltage Sensing from Lines or from motor
terminals
From Load
 Torque sensing
 Temperature Sensing

Control Unit
Control unit for a power modulator are provided in the control unit.
It matches the motor and power converter to meet the load
requirements.
Choice of Electrical Drives
Choice of an electric drive depends on a number of factors. Some of
the important factors are.
Steady State Operating conditions requirements
Nature of speed torque characteristics, speed regulation, speed
range, efficiency, duty cycle, quadrants of operation, speed
fluctuations if any, ratings etc
 Transient operation requirements
Values of acceleration and deceleration, starting, braking and
reversing performance.
 Requirements related to the source
Types of source and its capacity, magnitude of voltage, voltage
fluctuations, power factor, harmonics and their effect on other loads,
ability to accept regenerative power
Cont…

Capital and running cost, maintenance needs life.


 Space and weight restriction if any.
 Environment and location.
 Reliability.

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