FREEDOM

FREE
DOM
1. Write down a list of things that you
would do if you were granted
absolute freedom for a day. You can
write as many as you want. (Absolute
freedom means no form of hindrance
or there will be no laws or any form
of corresponding punishment that
awaits you once you do what you
intend to do.)
2. Imagine that all the leaders in
the world would put up a global
election asking everyone if they
wanted absolute freedom to be
granted to everyone. Would you
give a yes- vote or a no- vote?
Why or why not?
Freedom – one of the most abused and
misunderstood words during these times. A
well-loved concept which ancestors fought for,
yet poorly understood by the present
generation. There is always something in being
free. People associate freedom with one’s
ability to do whatever he or she wants to do.
The concept of freedom is as wide as the
universe. Some claim to be free means to do
anything, regardless of their actions’
consequences. Some say freedom is the ability
to exercise one’s will towards the good. Others
even say there is no such thing as freedom –
that we are governed by natural law.
As learners who will face bigger decisions
soon, it is important to see how your choices
are made. Do you make decisions based on
their impending consequences or you
simply do it because it is what the present
situation is asking from us?
Determine the possible consequences
and obligations of the actions listed below. You assume that intention
and voluntariness existed in every happening.
EVALUATING SCENARIOS. In your way of understanding,
evaluate the following circumstances whether they are right or wrong. Write the
word “Tama” if you think the action is right and write “may kakaiba” if the situation
is wrong for you. Provide your reasoning for your classification. Write your answers
in your notebook.
_____________ 1. Selma continuously supports her friend Georgia in flirting someone else’s
husband.
Reason:__________________________________
_____________ 2. President Duterte orders several government agencies to continue placing
dolomite sands in a small portion of Manila Bay during pandemic.
Reason:__________________________________
_____________ 3. MaeMae is in the verge of failing her exam in General Mathematics. While
she is taking the exams, she received a small piece of paper from his classmate Ben. The piece of
paper contains all the answers for the last portion of the exam.
Reason:__________________________________
4. Molina is in-charge of the distribution of medicines in her barangay. The local
government of Imus usually provides for extra packages of medicines as a buffer
stock or reserve in case of uncounted members of barangay. One day, Josielyn, a
citizen from Calamba City, offers to buy the extra packages of medicine from
Molina, because there is a shortage of medicines in Calamba. Molina, in turn, sold
the extra medicines to Josielyn.
Reason:__________________________________
5. Gladys is the gate custodian of Bilibid prison. One day, the former
Mayor of Calauan Laguna and convicted of complex crime of Rape with homicide
Antonio Sanchez who has kidney illness asks Gladys to allow him to buy some
medicine to alleviate the pain caused by his kidney disease. However, Gladys did
not allow the request and instead reported the former Mayor’s attempt to go
outside the penal colony.
Reason:__________________________________
6. Samson oversees the installation of an internet satellite in Camp
Caringal. While the construction is ongoing, his wife Lizjoy called him because
their son Erwin is sick. Lizjoy asked Samson to return to their house because Erwin
misses him so much. Samson said he cannot return immediately because the
Chinese contractors are spoof.
Reason:__________________________________
7. Ruby is the best online seller in her town. She can earn as much as 10,000 php per
day. On the other hand, Celeste is a newbie in online selling. She barely earned a
thousand peso for a day. Knowing Ruby’s ability to sell online, Celeste approached
Ruby and asked the latter to teach her how to be a successful online entrepreneur.
Ruby asked for a tutorial fee, because she said that it entails a lot of work just to
make a online strategy work.
Reason:__________________________________
7. Ruby is the best online seller in her town. She can earn as much
as 10,000 php per day. On the other hand, Celeste is a newbie in online selling.
She barely earned a thousand peso for a day. Knowing Ruby’s ability to sell
online, Celeste approached Ruby and asked the latter to teach her how to be a
successful online entrepreneur. Ruby asked for a tutorial fee, because she said
that it entails a lot of work just to make a online strategy work.
Reason:__________________________________
8. Ylah is a dean’s lister in her department – School of Business

Management and Accountancy of De La Salle University. At the same time,she
is the captain of the table tennis team in the said school. Her boyfriend,
Armando usually complains because Ylah has minimal time for him. Because
Armando thinks Ylah is too busy with her own life, he broke his 6 years
relationship with the young lady.
Reason:__________________________________
9. Jovi and Rency are good friends. They are schoolmates since their. However, there
is no venue to hold the meeting. Jovi requested Rency to allow them first year in
college. Because of great academic performance, Jovi has been elected as the vice-
president of the college department. On the other hand, Rency has been chosen as the
in-charge of the college’s laboratories since she is trustworthy and keen in details.
One day, the college’s student council needs to meet for a quarterly review of their
activities to use the department’s physics laboratory, but Rency denied such a request.
Reason:__________________________________
10. Ariel is an LTO officer who has a lot of connections is the said
office. He usually accepts under the table transactions from people who want to
expedite their application for a driver’s license. His sister Amor once asked him why
he’s doing those kinds of transactions. Ariel answered that he simply wants to help
people by avoiding the grueling application process in the LTO.
Reason:__________________________________
COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW. Recall three decisions you
have made recently. Then, analyze them. What are the good things
they produced for you and your community and what are the
negative effects do they caused to yourself and others? Write your
answers in your notebook.
PROCESSING. Answer the following questions based on
how you answered the activity above
1. What are your prior considerations for making those decisions?

2. What are your considerations for classifying the effect of your
action as a positive one?
3. What are your considerations for classifying the effect of your
action as a negative one?
4. What are your considerations in saying that you made a “best
decision?”
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
• Some acts that human beings do are performed also

by animals, e.g., vegetative acts and acts of
perception and emotion.
• When a human being does such acts, they are called
acts of man but not human acts.
• Acts of man are actions shared by humans and other
animals while human acts refer to the appropriate
actions of human beings.
Aristotle’s Distinction of Voluntary and
Involuntary Actions
Voluntary Actions - these are acts originating from the individual

performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act.
A. Voluntary – actions are performed from will and reason.
B. Related to Compulsion - it is considered as mixed of voluntary and
involuntary. It is more voluntary if the desire and choice has been
performed and involuntary if it has considered preferences or
alternatives. Example: You are asked to perform a crime and your
options are; either you do it and your family survives or you don’t do it
but they will be murdered.
2. Involuntary Actions – are acts done under a) force or coercion
and b). ignorance where the doer failed to understand the effect and
feels sorry on the result.
Classifications of Involuntary Actions

A. Under Compulsion – circumstances which are beyond the
control of the agent and contributes none to the action.
Example: A person was kidnapped, hence impossible to resist.
B. Through Ignorance of Particular Circumstances.
Example: a man steals and ignorant of the law, arrow or gun shot
by mistake.
HUMAN FREEDOM AND OBLIGATION
According to John Mothershead, freedom and

obligation are two indispensable conditions for
morality to occur. Freedom is understood to be
present when one is choosing a course of action,
and he or she is taking full responsibility for
consequence of his actions. Importantly, this is
anchored to the individual’s moral and rational
capacity to discern what is right and wrong
In several meta-ethical traditions obligation usually
follows or arrives from freedom. Freedom can be
said to be present if the human person is free in
making choices in the realm of morality – that is, in
making choices with regards to determining what is
the right thing to do in situations and circumstances
in his own life. This can be summarized in our
Filipino saying, “Buntot mo, hila mo!” It is taking
full responsibility for your actions and being obliged
to do so.
When was the last time you see yourself escaping from the
consequences of your actions? When was the last time you hide from
the problems brought about by your irresponsible actions? We have
the tendency to blame others for their choice of a course of action.
At present times, several marriages – most especially in the
Philippines – are being brought to different courts of law to be
annulled. What is the main reason for this? Atty. Jim Lopez in one of
his books says that most of the marriages which are tried in civil
courts are sagas of unending throwing of blame and accusations
between two lovers. Which can be simply be solved had one of the
parties make himself accountable for a problem which sit between
them.
INTELLECTUAL CHOICE VS
PRACTICAL CHOICE
A. Intellectual Choice – This is a choice which is deliberately selected
based on a moral standpoint. Basically, they are normative answers
about what we ought to do from a moral system that we uphold and its
moral principles. These normative answers would take into
consideration the behavior which the society will accept. For example,
when you are to decide in a moral issue, you can try to give intellectual
choice as a normative answer. Here you are simply assuming because
you are not, as it were, facing that actual moral situation described in
the dilemma. In this case, the answers that you are inclined to give are
prescriptive in this imaginary and hypothetical situation.
INTELLECTUAL CHOICE VS
PRACTICAL CHOICE
B. Practical Choice – a choice which is borne out of psychological and

emotional considerations. Unlike the previously discussed type of choice,
practical choices are made when confronted with the actual situation, and
usually affected by psychological aspect of the person embroiled in the
moral situation or dilemma. For instance, psychological and emotional stress
and lack of time to deliberate during an actual moral situation may affect a
person’s moral decision in that situation. A person may be so engulfed by
emotions that he may sometimes fail to make the right choice. Likewise,
stress could make a person’s practical choice inconsistent with his
intellectual choice

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8. Ylah is a dean’s lister in her department – School of Business

1. What are your prior considerations for making those decisions?

• Some acts that human beings do are performed also

Voluntary Actions - these are acts originating from the individual

Classifications of Involuntary Actions

According to John Mothershead, freedom and

B. Practical Choice – a choice which is borne out of psychological and

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