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    Muscle

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    manisha subramanian
    1. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle that is attached to bones by tendons. It makes up 40-50% of body mass and produces all body movements. 2. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units made up of actin and myosin filaments. 3. Contraction occurs when the myosin heads bind to actin and the filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules play roles in calcium ion release and muscle excitation.

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    Muscle

    Uploaded by

    manisha subramanian
    17 views30 pages
    1. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle that is attached to bones by tendons. It makes up 40-50% of body mass and produces all body movements. 2. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units made up of actin and myosin filaments. 3. Contraction occurs when the myosin heads bind to actin and the filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules play roles in calcium ion release and muscle excitation.

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    1. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle that is attached to bones by tendons. It makes up 40-50% of body mass and produces all body movements. 2. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units made up of actin and myosin filaments. 3. Contraction occurs when the myosin heads bind to actin and the filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules play roles in calcium ion release and muscle excitation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views30 pages

    Muscle

    Uploaded by

    manisha subramanian
    1. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle that is attached to bones by tendons. It makes up 40-50% of body mass and produces all body movements. 2. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units made up of actin and myosin filaments. 3. Contraction occurs when the myosin heads bind to actin and the filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules play roles in calcium ion release and muscle excitation.

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    SKELETAL

    MUSCLE
    STRUCTURE AND
    ACTION

    BY: S.MANISHA.S
    MODERATOR: H.KARVANNAN
    Musculoskeletal system and classification

    Skeletal muscle

    Structure of a skeletal muscle

    Structure of myofibril

    Sarcomere and components


    CONTENTS
    Contractile elements

    Sarcotubular system

    Composition of skeletal muscle

    Properties of the skeletal muscle


    MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

    Classificatio
    n

    Based on
    Based on Based on situations
    striations control
    SKELETAL MUSCLE/ STRAITED
    MUSCLE

    - It attaches to the bone by tendons.


    - Forms 40%-50% of the body mass.
    - produce all the movements of the body.  
    - The muscle fibers are crossed with a regular pattern of fine red
    and white lines, giving the muscle a distinctive striated
    appearance.
    - Supplied by somatic nerves.
    STRUCTURE OF
    SKELETAL
    MUSCLE

    Made up of myocytes, commonly


    called as muscle fibres,
    Are multi nucleated
    Arranged parallel to one another
    with connective tissue in between.
    SARCOPLAS
    M CONTENTS
    MYOFIBRIL

    Consists of two alternating bands


    formed by muscle protiens.
    SARCOMERE

    - Defined as a structural and


    functional unit of muscle.
    - Extends between two Z lines of
    myofibril.
    - Consists of two myofilaments:
    1. Actin
    2. myosin
    ACTIN
    FILAMENT

    • Thin filaments with a diameter


    of 1 µ.
    • Run on either side of the Z lines
    MYOSIN
    FILAMENT

    - Thick filaments with a diameter


    of 1.5µ.
    - Situated in A band.
    CROSS
    BRIDEGES
    SLIDING
    FILAMENT
    THEORY
    Present in the filaments of the
    muscle

    Myosin: made up of myosin


    CONTRACTILE molecules
    PROTIENS
    Actin: made up 3 types of
    protiens
    • Actin
    • Troponin
    • tropomyosin
    MYOSIN
    MOLECULES

    • Only myosin II is present in


    sarcomere, although 18 types of
    myosin are identified.
    • Made up of two heavy and four
    light chains.
    • Two portion:
    1. Head
    2. tail
    ACTIN
    MOLECULE

    • Major constituents of thin actin


    filaments
    • Actin molecule is called F-actin
    and it is polymer of small
    protien,G-actin.
    • Has binding site for myosin
    head.
    TROPOMYOSIN
    Covers all active sites of F-actin.

    • TROPONIN:
    3 subunits:
    1. Troponin I
    2. Troponin T
    3. Troponin C
    A system of membranous structures in the
    form of vesicles and tubules in the
    sarcoplasm.

    Mainly is made up of:

    SACROTUBULA
    R SYSTEM
    1. T-tubules

    2. L-tubules
    T- TUBULES AND L-TUBULES

    • T tubules (transverse) are narrow tubules formed by


    invagination of sarcolemma
    • They penetrate the muscle through and through.
    • Opens to the exterior of the muscle.
    • L-tubules are closed tubules which runs in the long axis of
    muscle fibre forming sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    T –tubules:
    Responsible for rapid transmission of impulse in the
    form of AP.
    FUNCTION OF L-tubules:
    TUBULES They have large quantity of Ca2+ ions so aids in
    contraction of the muscle.
    TRIAD OF
    SKELETAL
    MUSCLE

    • Situated at the junction between


    the A and I band.
    • To facilitate excitation
    contraction coupling.
    PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

    Contractilit
    Excitability Muscle tone
    y
    Is defined as a response of a tissue to irritation or a
    stimulus.

    • Types of stimulus:
    EXCITABILITY 1. Mechanical
    2. Electrical
    3. Chemical
    4. Thermal
    To excite a tissue, stimulus must have:
    1. Intensity
    - Subminimal
    - Minimal
    - Submaximal
    - Maximal
    - Supramaximal

    2. Duration
    • It is response of the muscle to a stimulus which
    causes internal changes in the muscle with change
    either in the length or tension of the fibres.
    • Simple muscle curve is the graphical representation
    of a muscular contraction.

    CONTRACTILITY
    • TYPES OF CONTRACTION:
    • 1. Isometric
    • 2. Isotonic
    • 3. Isokinectic
    SIMPLE
    MUSCLE
    CURVE

    • Periods of simple muscle curve:


    1. Latent period – 0.01sec
    2. Contraction period – 0.04sec
    3. Relaxation period- 0.05 sec

    Total contraction period – 0.10


    sec
    REFRACTORY
    PERIOD

    A period in which the muscle does


    not show any response to a
    stimulus.

    ARP – 0.05 sec


    RRP – 0.05 sec
    Total RP – 0.01 sec
    MUSCLE TONE

    It is defined as a continuous and partial contraction


    of muscles with certain tension.

    In skeletal muscle it is neurogenic and centre is in


    brain.

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