Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 63 views

    Lecture 1 - Introduction To Web Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Tanveer Ahmed Hakro
    The document provides an overview of web architecture and key technologies that enable the internet and world wide web. It discusses the layered architecture including the physical, network, transport, and application layers. It describes important protocols like IP, TCP, HTTP, and standards like URLs, DNS, and MIME types. It also covers web servers, browsers, languages like HTML, CSS, PHP, and databases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 1 - Introduction To Web Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Tanveer Ahmed Hakro
    63 views23 pages
    The document provides an overview of web architecture and key technologies that enable the internet and world wide web. It discusses the layered architecture including the physical, network, transport, and application layers. It describes important protocols like IP, TCP, HTTP, and standards like URLs, DNS, and MIME types. It also covers web servers, browsers, languages like HTML, CSS, PHP, and databases.

    Original Description:

    Web Engineering Slides (Dr. Fareed Ahmed Jokhio , Department of CSE , QUEST)

    Original Title

    Lecture 1 - Introduction to Web Architecture

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides an overview of web architecture and key technologies that enable the internet and world wide web. It discusses the layered architecture including the physical, network, transport, and application layers. It describes important protocols like IP, TCP, HTTP, and standards like URLs, DNS, and MIME types. It also covers web servers, browsers, languages like HTML, CSS, PHP, and databases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    63 views23 pages

    Lecture 1 - Introduction To Web Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Tanveer Ahmed Hakro
    The document provides an overview of web architecture and key technologies that enable the internet and world wide web. It discusses the layered architecture including the physical, network, transport, and application layers. It describes important protocols like IP, TCP, HTTP, and standards like URLs, DNS, and MIME types. It also covers web servers, browsers, languages like HTML, CSS, PHP, and databases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 23

    Web Architecture

    Dr. Fareed Ahmed Jokhio


    fajokhio@quest.edu.pk
    The Internet
    The Internet
    • a connection of computer networks using the
    Internet Protocol (IP)
    • What's the difference between the Internet
    and the World Wide Web (WWW)?
    • The Web is the collection of web sites and
    pages around the world; the Internet is larger
    and also includes other services such as email,
    chat, online games, etc.
    Brief history
    • began as a US Department of Defense network
    called ARPANET (1960s-70s)
    • initial services: electronic mail, file transfer
    • opened to commercial interests in late 80s
    • WWW created in 1989-91 by Tim Berners-Lee
    • popular web browsers released: Netscape 1994,
    IE 1995
    • Amazon.com opens in 1995; Google January 1996
    Key aspects of the internet
    • subnetworks can stand on their own
    • computers can dynamically join and leave the
    network
    • built on open standards; anyone can create a
    new internet device
    • lack of centralized control (mostly)
    • everyone can use it with simple, commonly
    available software
    Layered architecture
    • The internet uses a layered hardware/
    software architecture (also called the "OSI
    model"):
    • physical layer : devices such as ethernet,
    coaxial cables, fiber-optic lines, modems,
    DSL/ADSL
    • data link layer : basic hardware protocols
    (ethernet, wifi,DSL)
    Layered architecture
    • network / internet layer : basic software
    protocol (IP)
    • transport layer : adds reliability to network
    layer (TCP, UDP)
    • application layer : implements specific
    communication for each kind of program
    (HTTP, SSH, FTP)
    Internet Protocol (IP)
    • a simple protocol for attempting to send data
    between two computers
    • each device has a 32-bit IP address written as
    four 8-bit numbers (0-255)
    Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
    • adds multiplexing, guaranteed message delivery on
    top of IP
    • multiplexing: multiple programs using the same IP
    address
    • port: a number given to each program or service
    • port 80: web browser (port 443 for secure browsing)
    • port 25: email
    • port 22: ssh
    • port 5190: AOL Instant Messenger
    The World Wide Web (WWW)
    Web servers and browsers
    • web server: software that listens for web page
    requests
    – Apache
    – Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) (part of
    Windows)
    – Nginx
    Web servers and browsers
    • web browser: fetches/displays documents
    from web servers
    – Mozilla Firefox
    – Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
    – Apple Safari
    – Google Chrome
    – Opera
    Domain Name System (DNS)
    • a set of servers that map written names to IP
    addresses
    • Example: www.quest.edu.pk → 172.16.179.1
    Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
    • an identifier for the location of a document on
    a web site
    • a basic URL:
    • http://
    www.aw-bc.com/info/regesstepp/index.html
    • Protocol host path
    Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
    • upon entering this URL into the browser, it
    would:
    • ask the DNS server for the IP address of
    www.aw-bc.com
    • connect to that IP address at port 80
    • ask the server to GET
    /info/regesstepp/index.html
    • display the resulting page on the screen
    More about URLs
    • anchor: jumps to a given section of a web
    page
    • http://
    www.textpad.com/download/index.html#dow
    nloads
    • fetches index.html then jumps down to part of
    the page labeled downloads
    More about URLs
    • port: for web servers on ports other than the
    default 80
    • http://
    www.cs.washington.edu:8080/secret/money.t
    xt
    More about URLs
    • query string: a set of parameters passed to a
    web program
    • http://
    www.google.com/search?q=miserable+failure
    &start=10
    • parameter q is set to "miserable+failure“
    • parameter start is set to 10
    Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

    • the set of commands understood by a web


    server and sent from a browser
    • some HTTP commands (your browser sends
    these internally):
    – GET filename : download
    – POST filename : send a web form response
    – PUT filename : upload
    HTTP error codes
    • when something goes wrong, the web server returns a
    special "error code" number to the browser, possibly
    followed by an HTML document
    • common error codes:
    • Number Meaning
    • 200 OK
    • 301-303 page has moved (permanently or temporarily)
    • 403 you are forbidden to access this page
    • 404 page not found
    • 500 internal server error
    Internet media ("MIME") types
    • sometimes when including resources in a page (style
    sheet, icon, multimedia object), we specify their type of
    data
    • MIME type file extension
    • text/html .html
    • text/plain .txt
    • image/gif .gif
    • image/jpeg .jpg
    • video/quicktime .mov
    • application/octet-stream .exe
    Web languages / technologies
    • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):
    – used for writing web pages
    • Cascading Style Sheets (CSS):
    – stylistic info for web pages
    • PHP Hypertext Processor (PHP):
    – dynamically create pages on a web server
    • JavaScript:
    – interactive and programmable web pages
    • eXtensible Markup Language (XML):
    – metalanguage for organizing data
    • Structured Query Language (SQL):
    – interaction with databases

    You might also like