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Concept of Motion
Aristotelian and Galileans

assertion on vertical, horizontal
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and projectile motion
Learning Competencies:
Compare and contrast the
Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of
vertical motion, horizontal motion,
and projectile motion. (S11/12PS-IVc46)
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Learning Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast Aristotle and
Galileo's views on vertical motion,
horizontal motion, and projectile motion.
2. Analyze the strengths and limitations of
each perspective.
3. Apply the concepts of motion to real-world
examples.
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Aristotle
*Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, laid the foundation for
understanding motion
*He developed a qualitative approach to studying motion based on
observations and logical reasoning.
*Aristotle proposed the concept of natural motion, which stated that objects
had a natural tendency to move towards their "natural places.“
*His understanding of motion encompassed vertical, horizontal, and
projectile motion.
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Galileo
*Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist and astronomer, revolutionized our
understanding of motion.
*He introduced a quantitative approach by conducting experiments and
analysing data.
*Galileo's most significant contribution was his concept of uniform
acceleration due to gravity.
*He demonstrated that all objects fall with the same acceleration
regardless of their mass, contradicting Aristotle's view.
*Galileo's experiments and observations paved the way for a deeper
understanding of vertical, horizontal, and projectile motion.
Aristotle’s Concept about Vertical Motion
Vertical motion is referred to as natural motion. In natural motion, the
object will move and will return to its natural state based on the object’s
material or composition – earth, water , air, and fire.
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Aristotle’s Concept about Horizontal Motion
An object moving in a violent motion requires push or pull to

maintain a horizontal motion. Motion continues only so long as there is
an applied force to an object. When the force is removed , motion stop.
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Aristotle’s Concept about Projectile Motion
The Projectile motion of an object is parallel to the ground until such time
that the impetus is forgotten, and the object returns to its natural state to stop
moving and fall to the ground.
He viewed projectile motion as natural motion and violent motion. He said
that heavy objects fall faster than light ones.
Galileo’s Concept about Vertical Motion
In the absence of a resistance objects would fall not depending on their
weight, but in the time of fall. Also if the objects encountered a resistive
force from a an equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and
reaches a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom and stops.
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Galileo’s Concept about Horizontal Motion
An object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an
external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. If the Earth’s surface is very
flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. This, the
object will continue to move . This kind of motion however , is not evident in nature.
Galileo’s Concept about Projectile Motion
Projectile motion follows a curve path which forms a parabola, and this
is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the vertical direction..
- Horizontal velocity - constant
- Vertical velocity - changes due to the influence of gravity
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Activity 2 Mini Lab: Aristotle or Galileo?

Instruction:
Test the following activities below. Take note that in every activity,
both objects should be dropped at the same time and at the same height.
Procedure:
Drop a book and a flat sheet of paper.
Drop a book and a sheet of paper crumpled to a ball.
Guide Question:
1. In all two cases, which objects reaches the ground first?
2. In activity 1, what causes the flat sheet of paper to move sideways?
3. Activities 2, why did the objects fall at the same rate regardless of their
masses?
4.Whose view is more acceptable? Why?
Instruction: Analyze the given scenario and determine whether it is based
on Galileo or Aristotle’s Conceptions.
Scenario 1: Ryan is observing a baseball game. The pitcher throws a fastball, and the
batter hits it with a powerful swing. The ball follows a straight trajectory towards the
outfield. Ryan is asked to determine whether this scenario aligns with Aristotle's or
Galileo's view on motion.
Scenario 2: A student watches a leaf falling from a tree. The leaf descends slowly and
sways side to side as it falls. The student is asked to determine whether this scenario
aligns with Aristotle's or Galileo's view on motion.
Scenario 3: A student observes a heavy ball and a lighter ball being dropped from the
same height at the same time. They notice that both balls hit the ground simultaneously.
The student is asked to determine whether this scenario aligns with Aristotle's or
Galileo's view on motion.
Table Summary
Summarize your understanding about the Aristotelian and Galilean
conceptions of motion by filling out the table below..
ARISTOTELIAN Description Examples
Horizontal Motion
Vertical Motion
Projectile Motion
GALILEAN Description Examples

Horizontal Motion
Vertical Motion
Projectile motion

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Concept of Motion

Aristotelian and Galileans

An object moving in a violent motion requires push or pull to

GALILEAN Description Examples

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