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    Week 3

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    ابتهاج عبدالسلام
    The document discusses key concepts of entity-relationship (ER) modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, entity types, attribute types, keys, and relationship types. It provides examples of entities like employees and departments. It defines attributes as properties of entities and relationships as connections between entities. The document also describes the different types of entities, attributes, relationships, and participation constraints that can be represented in an ER model.

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    Week 3

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    ابتهاج عبدالسلام
    20 views19 pages
    The document discusses key concepts of entity-relationship (ER) modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, entity types, attribute types, keys, and relationship types. It provides examples of entities like employees and departments. It defines attributes as properties of entities and relationships as connections between entities. The document also describes the different types of entities, attributes, relationships, and participation constraints that can be represented in an ER model.

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    The document discusses key concepts of entity-relationship (ER) modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, entity types, attribute types, keys, and relationship types. It provides examples of entities like employees and departments. It defines attributes as properties of entities and relationships as connections between entities. The document also describes the different types of entities, attributes, relationships, and participation constraints that can be represented in an ER model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views19 pages

    Week 3

    Uploaded by

    ابتهاج عبدالسلام
    The document discusses key concepts of entity-relationship (ER) modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, entity types, attribute types, keys, and relationship types. It provides examples of entities like employees and departments. It defines attributes as properties of entities and relationships as connections between entities. The document also describes the different types of entities, attributes, relationships, and participation constraints that can be represented in an ER model.

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    You are on page 1of 19

    College of electronics technology

    ________Baniwalid _______

    High level conceptual model, Entity-


    Relationship model
    (ER)Model

    Week 3
    Mustafa Abuali spring 2017
    Outline

     Entities
     Attributes
     Relationship
     Entity Types
     Attributes Types
    ER Model concepts

    - Entities and Attributes.


    Entities:- are specific persons , places ,events ,and objects or things in the mini-world
    which the user needs to keep data ,that are represented in the database.
    -Might be out of the organization .

    # For example the EMPLOYEE ,DEPARTMENT, PROJECT, OFFICE, TASKS and


    CONFERENCE .
    ER Model concepts

    Attribute:- are properties used to describe an entity.

    # For example an EMPLOYEE entity may have the attributes


    Name.
    SSN.
    Address.
    Sex.
    BirthDate.
    ER Model concepts

    Relationships:- relates two or more distinct entities with a specific meaning.

    For example, EMPLOYEE Ahmed works on the PROJECTX,


    or
    EMPLOYEE ALI manages the Research DEPARTMENT.
    Types of Attributes (1)

    1-Simple
    Each entity has a single atomic value for the attribute.
    For example, SSN or Sex.
    Types of Attributes (2)

    2-Composite

    The attribute may be composed of several components.


    For example:
    Address(Apt#, House#, Street, City, State, ZipCode, Country), or
    Name(FirstName, MiddleName, LastName).
    Composition may form a hierarchy where some components are themselves
    composite.
    Types of Attributes (3)

    3- Multi-valued
    An entity may have multiple values for that attribute.
    For example, Color of a CAR or PreviousDegrees of a STUDENT.
    Denoted as {Color} or {PreviousDegrees}.
    Types of Attributes (3)

    4-Derived attribute:-
    is an attribute whose value is calculated (derived) from other attributes. The derived
    attribute need not be physically stored within the database; instead, it can be derived by
    using an algorithm. For example, an employee’s age, EMP_AGE, may be found by
    computing the integer value of the difference between the current date and the birth date
    ofthe employee.
    Key Attributes (1)

     An attribute of an entity type for which each entity must have a


    unique value is called a key attribute of the entity type.
     For example, SSN of EMPLOYEE.
     For example, ID of STUDENT.
     For example, CODE of COURSE.
    Key Attributes (1)

     A key attribute may be composite.


     VehicleTagNumber is a key of the CAR entity type with components
    (Number, State).
     Office number (OFNumber,BulNumber)

     Each key is underlined


    Example
    Relationship Types (1)

    Relationship instances
    In the mini-world represented by figure below employees e1, e2, e3 and e6 work for
    department d1, e2 and e4 works for d2 and e5 and e7 work for d3.
    Relationship types

     1-Binary Relationship .

    for example (EMP _____ DEP).

     2-Ternary Relationship.

    for example (suppliers ____ Parts____ projects).

     3-Recursive Relationship.

    for example (EMPLOYEE ___ itself ).


    Cardinality of relationship Constraints

    1- One –to– One .


    each entity in the relationship will have exactly one related entity .

    2-One –to- Many .


    An entity on one side of relationship can have many related entities but an
    entity on the other side will have a maximum of one related entity .

    3-Many –to- Many.


    Entities on both side of relationship have related entities on the other side .
    Participation Constraint

     1- Partial
     2- Total

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