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    The Japanese Belligerent Occupation

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    Jonh Vincent Dedoro
    The Japanese occupation of the Philippines became effective in January 1942 after the surrender of US and Filipino forces. On January 2nd, the Japanese commander proclaimed that existing Philippine laws and institutions would remain in effect. On January 23rd, Order No. 1 established the Philippine Executive Commission headed by Jorge Vargas. Executive Orders issued in January and February 1942 directed courts to continue operating under their existing jurisdiction according to Commonwealth laws. The Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1942 with Jose Laurel as President, but it did not substantially change the organization or jurisdiction of courts from the previous Executive Commission period.

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    The Japanese Belligerent Occupation

    Uploaded by

    Jonh Vincent Dedoro
    45 views9 pages
    The Japanese occupation of the Philippines became effective in January 1942 after the surrender of US and Filipino forces. On January 2nd, the Japanese commander proclaimed that existing Philippine laws and institutions would remain in effect. On January 23rd, Order No. 1 established the Philippine Executive Commission headed by Jorge Vargas. Executive Orders issued in January and February 1942 directed courts to continue operating under their existing jurisdiction according to Commonwealth laws. The Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1942 with Jose Laurel as President, but it did not substantially change the organization or jurisdiction of courts from the previous Executive Commission period.

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    A Japanese history

    Original Title

    The-Japanese-Belligerent-Occupation

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    The Japanese occupation of the Philippines became effective in January 1942 after the surrender of US and Filipino forces. On January 2nd, the Japanese commander proclaimed that existing Philippine laws and institutions would remain in effect. On January 23rd, Order No. 1 established the Philippine Executive Commission headed by Jorge Vargas. Executive Orders issued in January and February 1942 directed courts to continue operating under their existing jurisdiction according to Commonwealth laws. The Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1942 with Jose Laurel as President, but it did not substantially change the organization or jurisdiction of courts from the previous Executive Commission period.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views9 pages

    The Japanese Belligerent Occupation

    Uploaded by

    Jonh Vincent Dedoro
    The Japanese occupation of the Philippines became effective in January 1942 after the surrender of US and Filipino forces. On January 2nd, the Japanese commander proclaimed that existing Philippine laws and institutions would remain in effect. On January 23rd, Order No. 1 established the Philippine Executive Commission headed by Jorge Vargas. Executive Orders issued in January and February 1942 directed courts to continue operating under their existing jurisdiction according to Commonwealth laws. The Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1942 with Jose Laurel as President, but it did not substantially change the organization or jurisdiction of courts from the previous Executive Commission period.

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    HISTORY 1

    HS102EN

    Jeric C. Tigolo
    The
    Japanese
    (Belligerent)
    According to the rules of Land Warfare of the United States
    Army, belligerent or so-called military occupation is a question
    of fact. It presupposes a hostile invasion as a result of which the
    invader has rendered the invaded government incapable of
    publicly exercising its authority, and that the invader is in
    position to substitute and has substituted his own authority for
    that of the legitimate government of the territory invaded."
    (International Law Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the
    United States, by Hyde, Vol. II, pp. 361, 362.) "Belligerent
    Introduction occupation must be both actual and effective. Organized
    resistance must be overcome and the forces in possession must
    have taken measures to establish law and order. It doubtless
    suffices if the occupying army can, within a reasonable time,
    send detachments of troops to make its authority felt within the
    occupied district." (Id., p. 364.) "Occupation once acquired
    must be maintained . . .. It does not cease, however, . . .. Nor
    does the existence of a rebellion or the operations of guerrilla
    bands cause it to cease, unless the legitimate government is re-
    established and the occupant fails promptly to suppress such
    The belligerent occupation of the Philippines by
    the Japanese invaders became an accomplished
    fact from the time General Wainright,
    Commander of the American and Filipino forces
    in Luzon, and General Sharp, Commander of the
    forces in Visayas and Mindanao, surrendered and
    Overview ordered the surrender of their forces to the
    Japanese invaders, and the Commonwealth
    Government had become incapable of publicly
    exercising its authority, and the invader had
    substituted his own authority for that of the
    legitimate government in Luzon, Visayas, and
    Mindanao.
    Jan. 23,
    1942

    Jan. &

    Overview Jan. 2,
    1942
    Feb.,
    1942

    Oct. 14,
    1942
    With the occupation of Manila, the
    Commander in Chief of the Japanese Forces
    proclaimed, on January 2, 1942, the military
    administration over the territory occupied by
    the army, and ordered that “all the laws now
    in force in the Commonwealth, as well as
    Jan. 2,
    executive and judicial institutions shall 1942
    continue to be effective for the time being as
    in the past”, and “all public officials shall
    remain in their present posts and carry on
    faithfully their duties as before”.
    O
    Order No. 1 of the Japanese Commander in
    Chief, on January 23, 1942, organized the
    Philippine Executive Commission.

    The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC),


    was organized and issued by Order No. 1 by the Jan. 23,
    Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Forces in 1942
    the Philippines. Jorge B. Vargas was appointed
    chairman and was instructed to the immediate
    coordination of the central organs and of
    judicial courts, based upon what had existed
    theretofore with the approval of the
    Commander-in-Chief.
    J
    The Chairman of the Executive Commission, as head of
    the central administrative organization, issued Executive
    Orders Nos. 1 and 4, dated January 30 and February 5,
    1942, respectively, in which the Supreme Court, Court of
    Appeals, Courts of First Instance, and the justices of the
    peace and municipal courts under the Commonwealth
    were continued with the same jurisdiction, in conformity Jan. &
    with the instructions given to the said Chairman of the
    Executive Commission by the Commander in Chief of Feb.,
    Japanese Forces in the Philippines in the latter's Order
    No. 3 of February 20, 1942, concerning basic principles to
    1942
    be observed by the Philippine Executive Commission in
    exercising legislative, executive and judicial powers.
    Section 1 of said Order provided that "activities of the
    administration organs and judicial courts in the
    Philippines shall be based upon the existing statutes,
    orders, ordinances and customs. . . ." J
    October 14, 1943, the (Second) Philippine
    Republic was inaugurated, with Jose P.
    Laurel as President. Jose Yulo, as Chief Justice of
    the Supreme Court, administered the oath to
    Laurel.
    Oct. 14,
    The so-called Republic of the Philippines was
    inaugurated, but no substantial change was effected 1942
    thereby in the organization and jurisdiction of the
    different courts that functioned during the
    Philippine Executive Commission, and in the laws
    they administered and enforced.

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