OVER VIEW

OF
CPWD SPECIFICATIONS
(Part-I)

1
 AGENDA
Over View of CPWD Specificaions –
Carriage of Materials
Earth Work.
Concrete Work
RCC Work
Brick Work
Stone work
Wood Work

© For internal circulation of BSNLonly

 OVERVIEW OF CPWD SPECIFICATION
1.0 OVERVIEW OF CPWD SPECIFICATIONS:-
• The CPWD Specifications being published by CPWD
from time to time are very comprehensive and useful
in execution of works and are used as guide by a
number of Engineering Departments, Public Sector
Undertakings, Architects and Builders.
• These specifications not only give the standards for
building materials but also serve as guidelines for
execution of works, measurements etc.

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 OVERVIEW OF CPWD SPECIFICATION
• The CPWD Specifications were first compiled in
1950. Subsequently, these specifications have been
revised in the years 1962, 1967, 1977 and 1996.
• The revised/updated specifications are being
published in two volumes.
1.0 CPWD Specifications, 2009 are the revised
edition of existing CPWD Specifications.
2.0 CPWD Specifications, 2009 is published in two
volumes as under:
• Volume Number Sub-head No. Contents/ Chapters

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 OVERVIEW OF CPWD SPECIFICATION
.

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 OVERVIEW OF CPWD SPECIFICATION
.

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 CARRIAGE OF MATERIALS
1.0 GENERAL
• The carriage of materials includes loading within a
lead of 50 metres, unloading and stacking within a
lead of 50 metres.
2.0 MODE OF CARRIAGE:-
• The modes of carriage are –
(i) Mechanical
(ii) Animal Transport
(iii) Manual Labour.

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 CARRIAGE OF MATERIALS
3.0 LEAD:-
• Lead means horizontal distance. Carriage by
manual labour shall be reckoned in units of 50
metres or part thereof. Carriage by animal and
mechanical transport shall be reckoned in one km
unit.
4.0 LIFT:-
• The vertical distance for removal with reference to
the ground level. The excavation up to 1.5 metres
depth below the ground level are included in the rate
of earth work.

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 EARTH WORK
EARTH WORK
• 1.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS:-
• The earthwork shall be classified under the
following categories and measured separately for
each category:
(a)All kind of soils:- Generally any strata, such as
sand, gravel, loam, which for excavation yields to
application of picks, shovels and other manual
digging implements.
(b) Ordinary rock:- Generally any rock which can
be excavated by splitting with crow bars or picks and
does not require blasting.

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 EARTH WORK(Contd.)
(c) Hard rock: Generally any rock or boulder for the
excavation of which blasting is required.
(d) Hard rock (blasting prohibited): Hard rock
requiring blasting as described under (c) but where
the blasting is prohibited for any reason and
excavation has to be carried out by chiselling,
wedging etc.

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 CONCRETE WORK
2.0 MATERIAL
• Water, cement, fine aggregate or sand, surkhi, and
coarse aggregate are materials.
• 2.1 Coarse Aggregate
• General: Aggregate most of which is retained on
4.75 mm IS Sieve.
(a)
Stone Aggregate: It shall consist of crushed or
broken stones.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
(b) Gravel: It shall consist of naturally occurring
river bed shingle or pit gravel.
(c) Brick Aggregate: shall be obtained by breaking
well burnt dense brick/ brick bats.

2.2 Deleterious Material: Course aggregate

shall not contain any deleterious material, such as
pyrites, coal, lignite, mica, shale etc.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
2.3 Size and Grading
• (i) Stone aggregate and gravel:- It shall be either graded or single sized as specified.
• (a) Nominal sizes of graded stone aggregate or gravel shall be 40, 20, 16, or 12.5 mm as specified.
3.0 Workability of Concrete:-
• The concrete mix proportion chosen should be such that the concrete is of adequate workability for the placing conditions of the concrete and can properly be compacted.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
4.0 Concrete Mix Proportioning:-
• (a) By designing the concrete mix: such concrete
shall be called ‘Design mix concrete’.
• (b) By adopting nominal concrete mix: such
concrete shall be called ‘Nominal mix concrete’. For
grades of M20 or lower, nominal mixes may be used.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
5.1 Machine mixing:-
• Only machine mixing of concrete should be
allowed. Coarse aggregate should be placed first,
followed by fine aggregate and then cement. After
dry mixing them, pour water gradually. Mixing shall
be done at least for 2 minutes after adding water.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
5.2 Hand Mixing:-
• When hand mixing has been specifically permitted
in exceptional circumstances by the Engineer-in-
Charge in writing, subject to adding 10% extra
cement, it shall be dry mixed thoroughly before
mixing the water.
6.0 Curing:-
• Curing is the process of preventing loss of moisture
from the concrete. The following methods shall be
employed for effecting curing.

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 CONCRETE WORK(Contd.)
6.1 Moist Curing: Exposed surfaces of concrete
shall be kept continuously in a damp by ponding or
by covering with a layer of sacking, canvas, Hessian
or similar materials and kept constantly wet for at
least 7 days from the date of placing of concrete.
6.2 Membrane Curing: Approved curing
compounds may be used in lieu of moist curing. Such
compound shall be applied to all exposed surfaces of
the concrete as soon as possible after the concrete
has set.
 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK
1.0 GENERAL
• Reinforced cement concrete work shall comprise of the following
• (a) Form work (Centring and Shuttering)
• (b) Reinforcement
• (c) Concreting: (1– Cast-in-situ), (2 – Precast)
2.0 Concreting: - Work shall comprise of Water, cement, fine and coarse aggregate

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
3.0 Steel for Reinforcement :-
• The steel used for reinforcement shall be any of
the following types:-
• (a) Mild steel and medium tensile bars conforming to IS 432 (Part I)
• (b) High strength deformed steel bars conforming to IS 1786
• (c) Hard drawn steel wire fabric conforming to IS 1566
• (d) Structural steel conforming to Grade A of IS 2062
• (e) Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) Bars.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
• Mild steel is not recommended for the use in
structures located in earthquake zone subjected to
severe damage and for structures subjected to
dynamic loading (other than wind loading) such as
railway and highway bridges.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
4.0 FORM WORK (CENTRING & SHUTTERING):-
4.1 General Requirement:-
• It shall be strong enough to withstand the dead and live loads and forces caused by ramming and vibrations of concrete and other incidental loads, imposed upon it during and after casting of concrete.
4.2 Material for Form Work:-
• (a) Propping and Centring: All propping and centering should be of steel tubes.
.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
4.3 Shuttering:- Shuttering used shall be of sufficient stiffness to avoid excessive deflection and joints shall be tightly butted to avoid leakage of slurry.
4.4 Camber:- Suitable camber shall be provided in horizontal members of structure, especially in cantilever spans to counteract the effect of deflection. The camber for beams and slabs shall
be 4 mm per metre (1 to 250). For cantilevers, the camber at free end shall be 1/50th of the projected length.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
5.0 REINFORCEMENTS:-
• Reinforcement shall be clear and free from loose mill scales, dust, loose rust, coats of paints, oil. Reinforcement bars shall be placed in position as shown in the drawings.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
6.0 COVER: The minimum nominal cover to meet
durability requirements shall be as under:-

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
7.0 CONCRETING
• The proportion by volume or by the weight of ingredients shall be as specified.
7.1 Consistency
• The concrete should flow sluggishly into the forms and around the reinforcement without any segregation of aggregate.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
7.2 Placing of Concrete:-
• Concreting shall be commenced only after Engineer-in-Charge has inspected the centering, shuttering and reinforcement as placed and passed the same.
8.0 Compaction:-
• Concrete shall be compacted into dense mass immediately after placing by means of mechanical vibrators. Hand compaction shall be done with the help of tamping rods so that concrete is
thoroughly compacted and completely worked around the reinforcement.
.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
9.0 Construction joints:-
• 9.1 Concreting shall be carried out continuously
upto the construction joints, the position and details
of which shall be as shown in structural drawing or
as indicated in figures below.
• Number of such joints shall be kept to minimum.
• The joints shall be kept at places where the shear
force is the minimum. These shall be straight and
shall be at right angles to the direction of main
reinforcement.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
Construction Joints(Contd.):-
• In case of columns the joints shall be horizontal and 10 to 15 cm below the bottom of the beam running into the column head.
• For slabs & beams, the construction joints shall be keyed by providing a triangular or trapezoidal fillet nailed on the stop board. When the work has to be resumed, the joint shall be thoroughly cleaned with wire
brush and loose particles removed.
 

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
Construction Joints(Contd.):-
• A coat of neat cement slurry at the rate of 2.75 kg of cement per square metre shall then be applied on the roughened surface before fresh concrete is laid.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
10.0 Curing:-
• After the concrete has begun to harden i.e. about 1 to 2 hours after its laying, it shall be protected from quick drying by covering with moist gunny bags, sand. After 24 hours of laying of concrete, the surface shall be
cured by ponding with water for a minimum period of 7 days.
11.0 Finishing:-
• In case of roof slabs the top surface shall be finished even and smooth with wooden trowel, before the concrete begins to set.

 
 

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 R.C.C. WORK(contd.)
16.2 Standard of Acceptance – for Nominal Mix

16.3 Mandatory Lab. Test: For concrete sampled and tested as prescribed specification, the. Out of six sample cubes, three cubes shall be tested at 7 days and remaining three cubes at 28 days.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK
 
1.0 Bricks
• Brick either modular (20 x 10 x10cm) or F.P.S (23 x 11.5 x7.5cm) type according to availability shall be used. The bricks are classified according to crushing strength as class 125,100, 75, 50 or 35.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
2.0 Tests:-
• Samples of bricks shall be subjected to the following tests:
• (a) Dimensional tolerance.
• (b) Water absorption.(Not more than 20%)
• (c) Efflorescence.
• (d) Compressive strength.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
3.0 Laying Of Brick:-
3.1 Mortar: The mortar for the brick work shall be as specified.
3.2 Soaking of Bricks:-
• Bricks shall be soaked in water before use for a period for the water to just penetrate the whole depth of the bricks.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
• 3.3 Laying:-
• Bricks shall be laid in English Bond unless otherwise specified. For brick work in half brick wall, bricks shall be laid in stretcher bond.
• The brick work shall be built in uniform layers.
• Top courses of all plinths, parapets, steps and top of walls below floor and roof slabs shall be laid with brick on edge. Brick on edge laid in the top courses at corner of walls shall be properly radiated and keyed into position to form cut (maru)
corners.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
• Where bricks cannot be cut to the required shape to form cut (maru) corners, cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) equal to thickness of course shall be provided in lieu of cut
bricks.
• Bricks shall be laid with frog (where provided) up.
• In case of walls one brick thick and under, one face shall be kept even and in proper plane, while the other face may be slightly rough. In case of walls more than one brick thick, both the faces shall be kept even and in proper plane.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
3.4 Joints:-
• Specified thickness of joints shall be of 1 cm..
3.5 Finishing of Joints:- The face of brick work may be finished flush or by pointing. The joints shall be squarely raked out to a depth of 1 cm while the mortar is still green for subsequently plastering.
3.6 Curing:-
• The brick work shall be constantly kept moist on all faces for a minimum period of seven days.

 
 

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 BRICK WORK(contd.)
4.0 Scaffolding:-
4.1 Single Scaffolding:- Where plastering, pointing or any other finishing has been indicated for brick work, single scaffolding may be provided.
4.2 Double Scaffolding:- Where the brick work or tile work is to be exposed and not to be finished with plastering etc. double scaffolding having two independent supports, clear of the work, shall be provided.

 
 

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 STONE WORK
1.0 TERMINOLOGY
1.1 Bed Joint:-
• The joint where one stone presses on another for example, a horizontal joint in a wall or radiating joint between the voussoirs or arch.
1.2 Cornice:-
• A horizontal moulded projection which crowns or finishes a wall, any horizontal division of wall, or any architectural feature.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
1.3 Cramp:- A small piece of metal or the hardest or tough test stone procurable sunk in mortises and fixed across joints as additional ties.
1.4 Course:-
• A layer of stones in wall including the bed mortar.
1.5 Dowels:-
• Dowels are small sections of metal, stone or pebbles bedded with mortar in corresponding mortise in bed or side joint or adjacent stones.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
1.6 Jamb:-
• The part of the wall at the side of an opening.
1.7 String Course:-
• A horizontal band, plain or moulded, usually projects slightly from the face of wall
1.8 Bond Stone (through Stone):-
• Selected long stone used to hold a wall together transversely .

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
1.9 Corbel Stone:-
• Stone bonded well into the wall with part of it projecting out of the face of wall to form a bearing surface.
1.10 Rubble Masonry:-
• Masonry built of stones either irregular in shapes as quarried or squared and only hammer dressed and having comparatively thick joints. As far as possible, stones for rubble masonry shall be angular for better interlocking and bonding.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
1.11 Ashlar:-
• Stone masonry using dressed square stone blocks of given dimensions having faces perpendicular to each other and laid in courses.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
2.1 (A) Courses
• The masonry shall be carried out in regular courses of height not exceeding 50 cm and masonry on any day will not be raised more than 60 cm in height when using mortars having compressive strength less than 20 kg./sq. cm at 28 days and 100 cm when using mortars
exceeding this strength.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
2.1(B) Thickness of Joints
• The joint thickness shall not exceed 30 mm at any point on the face.
2.1(C) Raking out joints
• All the joints on the faces to be pointed or plastered shall be racked out with racking tool to a depth of 20mm while the mortar is still green.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
• 2.2 Through Stones:-
• Through bond stones shall be provided in walls up to 600 mm thickness, a set of two or more bond stones overlapping each other by at least 150 mm shall be provided in a line from face to back.
• Each bond stone or a set of bond stones shall be provided for every 0.5 m2 of the wall surface and shall be provided at 1.5 m to 1.8 m apart clear in every course.
• Through stone must invariably be used to hold a wall together transversely with strong bonding and to make masonry monolithic.

 
 

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 STONE WORK(contd.)
• 2.3 Joints:-
• Face joints shall not be more than 20 mm thick. For the surfaces to be plastered or pointed, the joints shall be raked to a minimum depth of 20 mm when the mortar is still green for bonding with plaster.
• 2.4 Curing:-
• Masonry work in cement or composite mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all faces for a minimum period of seven days.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK
1.0 INTRODUCTION
• The wood work is involved in Doors and Window Frames, Shutters, cup-board, false ceiling.
1.1 Bellies:- Thin round poles usually without bark.
1.2 Beam: A structural timber generally long in proportion to its width and thickness and used for supporting load primarily by its internal resistance to bending.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK (contd.)
1.3 Block Board: A Board having a core made up of strips of wood, each not exceeding 25 mm in width glued to form a slab which is glued between two or more outer veneers.
1.4 Hard Wood: A conventional term used to denote the wood obtained from broad-leaved trees. It has no relationship to the physical properties of hardness or strength
1.5 Joint in Timber: A prepared connection for joining adjacent pieces of wood, veneer, etc. details is given below:

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
1.6 Dovetail Joint: A joint at the corner of two pieces in such a way that the notches made to one are fitted exactly into projections of corresponding (Fig C).
1.7 Mitred Joint : A joint, between two members at an angle which bisects the joining angle usually the joining faces are cut at 45° to form a right angle (Fig. B).
1.8 Mortise and Tenon Joint: A joint in which the reduced end (Tenon) of one member fits into the corresponding slot (mortise) in another member (Fig. D).

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
1.9 Tongue and Groove Joint: A joint in which a tongue is provided on edge of one member to fit into a corresponding groove on the other (Fig. A).
1.10 Rebate: A recess along the edge of a piece of timber to receive another piece or a door, sash or a frame.
 

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
 

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
.
 

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
2.0 PANELLED GLAZED OR PANELLED AND GLAZED SHUTTERS (FIG. 9.2)
• Panelled or glazed shutters for doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be constructed in the form of timber frame work of stiles and rails with panel inserts of timber, plywood, block board, veneered particle board.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
2.1 Frame Work:-
• Timber for stiles and rails shall be of the same species and shall be sawn in the directions of grains. The stiles and rails shall be joined to each other by mortise and Tenon joints. The bottom rails shall have double Tenon joints.
• The lock rails of door shutter shall have its centre line at a height of 800 mm from the bottom of the shutters.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
Framework contd.
• The thickness of each Tenon shall be approximately one-third the finished thickness of the members and the width of each Tenon shall not exceed three times its thickness.
2.2 Gluing of Joints :- The contact surfaces of Tenon and mortise shall be treated with synthetic resin adhesive conforming to IS 851 suitable for construction in wood or synthetic resin adhesive (Phenol and amino plastic) and pinned with 10 mm dia hardwood dowels or bamboo pins or star shaped metal pins.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
 

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
 

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
2.3 Rebating
• The shutters shall be single-leaf or double leaved. In case of double leaved shutters, the meeting of the stiles shall be rebated by one third the thickness of the shutter.
2.4 Panelling
• The panel inserts shall be either framed into the grooves or housed in the rebate of stiles and rails. The depth of the groove shall be 12 mm.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
3.0 Sapwood: The outer layers of the log, which in the growing tree contain living cells and feed material. The sapwood is usually lighter in colour, and is readily attacked by insects and fungi.
4.0 Seasoning: A process involving the reduction of moisture content in timber under more or less controlled conditions towards or to an amount suitable for the purpose for which it is to be used.
5.0 Seasoned Timber: Timber whose moisture content has been reduced to the specified minimum, under more or less controlled processes of drying.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
6.0 Knot: Base of a branch or limb embedded in the tree which becomes visible when it is cut.
7.0 TIMBER
• Timber is classified as under:
• (i) Teak wood
• (ii) Deodar wood
• (iii) Non-coniferous timbers other than teak
• (iv) Coniferous timber other than deodar.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
7.1 Teak Wood (Tectona Grandis)
• It is of outstanding merit in retention of shape and durability. The heart wood is one of the most naturally durable woods of the world. It usually remains immune to white ant attack and insect attack for very long periods. It is generally used for making furniture and all important timber construction.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
7.2 Deodar Wood (Cedrus Deodars)
• It is the strongest of the Indian conifers. Its weight and strength is 20% per cent less than teak.. It is not, suitable for polish or paint work as the oil in the wood seeps through such finishes and discolours them. It is used for house building, furniture and other construction work.

 
 

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 WOOD WORK(contd.)
7.3 Sal Wood (Shoera Robusta)
• Sal is about 30 per cent heavier than teak, 50 per cent harder, and about 20 to 30 per cent stronger. It is durable wood, and usually remains immune to attack by white for beams, rafters, flooring, piles.
7.4 Kail Wood (Pinus Roxburgh)
• Kail Wood is not a very durable wood. It is useful for joinery works, constructional work, light furniture and house fitments.

 
 

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© For internal circulation of BSNLonly