Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Chapter 3: Sampling and
Sampling Distribution
Mr. Raymond C. Dela Vega LPT
Lesson objectives:
• Illustrate Random Sampling
• Distinguish between parameter and Statistic
and
• Construct Sampling Distribution of Sample
means.
• Find the mean and variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
Recap:
Variance formula:
𝟐
𝜎 =∑¿ ¿
Variance of the
population
Recap:
Variance formula:
𝜎 =∑¿ ¿ 𝜎 𝒙 =∑ 𝑷 ( 𝑿 ) •¿¿
𝟐 𝟐
Variance of the Variance of the Sampling

population Distribution
Combinations
Combinations are arrangements in
which order does NOT matter.
A population is the collection of all the
elements of interest.
Sampling
• Population – A group that includes all the cases
(individuals, objects, or groups) in which the
researcher is interested.
• Sample – A relatively small subset from a population.
Population inferences can be made...
...by selecting a representative sample from
the population
Population is to Parameter
and Sample is to Statistic
Why sample?
Researcher use sampling if

taking a census is
impractical.
Sampling Distribution of
Sample Means
Mr. Raymond C. Dela Vega LPT
The sampling distribution of a statistic is the
distribution of that statistic, considered as a
random variable, when derived from a
random sample of size .
The sampling distribution of a statistic is the
distribution of that statistic, considered as a
random variable, when derived from a
random sample of size . It may be considered
as the distribution of the statistic for all
possible samples from the same population
of a given sample size.
Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Is a frequency distribution using the

means computed from all possible
random samples of a specific size taken
from the population.
Steps in constructing the sampling
distribution of the mean.
- Determine the number of possible samples that can be drawn from
population.
- List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample.
- Construct a frequency distribution of the sample means obtained in step number 2.
A population consist of numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, and

5. Let us list all possible sample of size 3 from this
population and compute for the mean of each
sample.
Observe that the means of the samples are less
than or greater than the means of the population.
The difference between the sample mean and the
population mean is called
sampling error. It is a error due to sampling
Activity # 1: Sampling Distribution and
Sample means
In a one whole sheet of white paper,
copy and answer the exercises part
items number 1 and 2 only at page 107.
Show your solution and box your final
answer if necessary. Answer this
individually.
Finding the Mean and
Variance of the Sample
Distribution of Means
Raymond C. Dela Vega LPT
•You will learn how to describe the sampling
distribution of the sample means by computing
its means and variance.
•You will also make a general conclusion

regarding mean, variance and shape of the
sampling distribution of sample means.
Finite population
Countable
finite populations include the employees of a

given company, the number of airplanes
owned by an airline, or the potential
consumers in a target market.
Infinite Population
Hypothetical collection of elements such.
include the number of widgets

manufactured by a company that plans to
be in business forever, or the grains of
sand on the beaches of the world.
For a deeper understanding of a population,
consider a market researcher for a soft drink company
who might want to determine the sweetness
preferences of UMakians between the ages of 15 and
20.
The population in this example is finite and includes

every UMakians in this age group.
Class Activity 1: Mean and Variance of
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from tis
population. Describe the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
• What is the mean and variance of sampling distribution of the sample
mean?
• Compare the values to the mean and variance of the population.
• Draw the histogram of the sampling distribution of the population
mean.
Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from its
sample means.
Steps 1:
- Compute for the mean of the population.
sample means.
𝟐
Steps 2 :
𝜎 =∑¿ ¿
- Compute for the variance of the population.
sample means.
Steps 3:
Determine the size of the possible samples of size.
sample means.
Steps 4:
List all possible samples and their corresponding
means.
sample means.
Steps 5:
Construct the sampling Distribution of the sample
means.
sample means.
Steps 6:
Compute for the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means (. Follow these steps:
1. Multiply the sample mean by the corresponding probability
and add the results obtained
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from
tis population. Describe the sampling distribution of the sample means.
Steps 7:
Compute for the variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means (. Follow these steps:
1. Subtract the population mean from each sample mean.
2. Square the difference.
3. Multiply the results by the corresponding probability.
4. Add the results.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from
tis population. Describe the sampling distribution of the sample means.
Steps 8:
Construct histogram for the sampling distribution of

the sample mean.
How do you compare the mean the
of the sample means and the mean
of population means?
Answer:
If the mean are not significantly different from each
other, you could make a strong arguments that your
sample provides an adequate representation of the
population mean.
How do you compare the variance
the of the sample means and the
variance of population means?
Properties of the Sampling Distribution of
Sample Mean
If all possible sample size n are drawn from a population of size N with
the mean 𝛍 and variance , then the sampling distribution of the sample
mean has the following properties.
1. The mean of the sampling distribution of the

sample mean is equal to the population
mean 𝛍. That is,
Sample Mean
2. The variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means 𝜎 is

given by:
for finite population; and
= for infinite population

Sample Mean
3. The Standard Deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample

mean is given by:
For finite population where is the finite population correction factor

=
For infinite population.
The standard deviation () of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean is also known as
the standard error of the mean.
it measures the degree of accuracy of the sample

mean () as an estimate of the population mean
(𝛍).
A GOOD ESTIMATE OF THE MEAN is obtained if the standard error of
the mean () is small or close to zero.
While the POOR ESTIMATE, if the standard error of the mean () is large.
Observe that the value of depends on the size of the sample (n).
What happen to when the n increases.

END
The Central Limit Theorem
If random samples of size n are drawn
from a population, then as n becomes
larger, the sampling distribution of the
mean approaches the normal
distribution, regardless of the shape of
the population distribution.
Describing the Sampling Distribution of the Sample
means from an Infinite Population.
A population has a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 5. A random Sample of 16
measurements is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the sample
means by computing the mean and standard
deviation.
Describing the Sampling Distribution of the Sample
means from an Infinite Population.
the heights of the male college students are
normally distributed with mean of 68 inches and
standard deviation of 3 inches. If 80 samples
consisting of 25 students each are drawn from
the population, what would be the expected
mean and standard deviation of the resulting
sampling distribution of the mean.

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Chapter 3: Sampling and

Variance of the Variance of the Sampling

Researcher use sampling if

Is a frequency distribution using the

A population consist of numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, and

•You will also make a general conclusion

finite populations include the employees of a

Hypothetical collection of elements such.

include the number of widgets

The population in this example is finite and includes

Construct histogram for the sampling distribution of

1. The mean of the sampling distribution of the

2. The variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means 𝜎 is

= for infinite population

3. The Standard Deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample

For finite population where is the finite population correction factor

it measures the degree of accuracy of the sample

What happen to when the n increases.

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