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1 - Basics Programming

This document provides an introduction to computer programming basics. It explains that computer programs are detailed instructions that tell the computer what actions to perform and in what order. Effective programs require a thorough understanding of the problem and a well-thought-out step-by-step solution. Programming involves developing an algorithm, which is an outline of how the computer program will work. Algorithms can be expressed through pseudocode or flowcharts to describe the logic in a human-readable way. The source code is the text file written by programmers that contains instructions in a programming language. Compilers translate source code into machine-readable object code for execution, while interpreters execute the source code line-by-line.

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36 views

1 - Basics Programming

This document provides an introduction to computer programming basics. It explains that computer programs are detailed instructions that tell the computer what actions to perform and in what order. Effective programs require a thorough understanding of the problem and a well-thought-out step-by-step solution. Programming involves developing an algorithm, which is an outline of how the computer program will work. Algorithms can be expressed through pseudocode or flowcharts to describe the logic in a human-readable way. The source code is the text file written by programmers that contains instructions in a programming language. Compilers translate source code into machine-readable object code for execution, while interpreters execute the source code line-by-line.

Uploaded by

abdul hasib
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Prepared by: Ms. Aiza Syahida binti Zakaria


Computer Programming Basics
 Computer programs are a detailed set of
instructions given to the computer.
 They tell the computer:
1. What actions you want the computer to perform
2. The order those actions should happen in
 An effective program therefore needs:
1. A thorough understanding of the problem
2. A well thought-out, step-by-step solution to the
problem
Computer Programming Basics conts.

Activity
 Working in groups of 2 students
 Create a set of instructions that
will tell us:

 How to eat a banana

 Make your instructions as


detailed as possible, so that
even someone who has never
eaten a banana before can
understand them
How To Eat A Banana:
A Detailed List of Instructions
1. Using your hand, get a yellow crescent-shaped fruit
called a “banana”
2. Peel the outer skin off the banana (by breaking off the
outer stem and peeling back the yellow peel)
3. Eat the banana
1. Put a small section of banana in your mouth
2. Bite down on the banana
3. Chew the banana by opening and closing your mouth
4. Once the banana has been chewed, swallow the banana
5. Repeat until banana is finished
4. Throw out the used banana peel
What is Programming?
 A procedure that outlines
 What actions you want the computer to perform
and
 The order in which they happen

is called an ALGORITHM
 An ALGORITHM is basically an outline for
how your computer program will work
What is Programming? conts.
 Developing an Algorithm is really just a type of
Problem Solving
 We have to:
 READ and understand the problem
 THINK about different solutions to the
problem
 DESIGN an approach that will solve the
problem
IF NEEDED 
IMPLEMENT that design
 TEST to see if it works
What is Programming? conts.
 THINKING about the solution often means
breaking down complex tasks into smaller,
easier to understand tasks
 These tasks must be well-defined so that we
understand what the action is acting on
 e.g. telling a person to grab a banana will only work if
the person knows what a banana is
 The tasks have to be easy to understand
 e.g. telling a person to PEEL a banana will only work
if they understand what peeling means
What is Programming? conts.
 When the algorithm is written out as a
well-thought series of steps, it is
sometimes called PSEUDOCODE
 It is written in easy to understand language,
but is written very similar to the way that you
would code it into your 3rd Generation
Language
How To Eat A Banana:
A Detailed List of Instructions

1. Using your hand, get a yellow crescent-shaped fruit


called a “banana”
2. Peel the outer skin off the banana (by breaking off the
outer stem and peeling back the yellow peel)
3. Eat the banana
1. Put a small section of banana in your mouth
2. Bite down on the banana
3. Chew the banana by opening and closing your mouth
4. Once the banana has been chewed, swallow the banana
5. Repeat until banana is finished
4. Throw out the used banana peel
What is Programming? conts.
• The algorithm can also be written as a FLOW
CHART.
• The FLOW CHART is a graphic organiser (a
picture that helps organize your thoughts).
• It uses a collection of basic symbols that are
used to organize your algorithm.
• These symbols are connected by arrows that show how
the algorithm “flows”.
What is Programming? conts.
Flow Chart Symbols
What is Programming? conts.
Example 1: Basic Flow Chart
Writing Source Code?
Source Code

 Source code is the fundamental component of a


computer program that is created by a
programmer.
 It can be read and easily understood by a
human being. 
 When a programmer types a sequence
of statements into Notepad, for example, and
saves the sequence as a text file, the text file is
said to contain the source code. 
Compilation

 Compiler translates source into target (a machine language program).


 Compiler goes away at execution time.
 Compiler is itself a machine language program, presumably created
by compiling some other high-level program.
 Machine language, when written in a format understood by the OS is
object code.
Interpretation

 The interpreter stays around during execution.


 It reads and executed statements one at a time.
Compilation vs Interpretation
• Compilation:
▫ Syntax errors caught before running the program
▫ Better performance
▫ Decisions made once, at compile time

• Interpretation:
▫ Better diagnostics (error messages)
▫ More flexibility
▫ Supports late binding (delaying decisions about program implementation
until runtime)
 Can better cope with PLs where type and size of variables depend on input

▫ Supports creation/modification of program code on the fly (e.g. Lisp, Prolog)

 
Mixture of Compilation vs Interpretation

 Many programming languages implement this.


 Interpreter implements a Virtual Machine (VM).
JAVA

 For flexibility: Just in Time (JIT) compiler translates


bytecode into Meta-Language (ML) just before
execution.

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