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Emergence Of New Dynasties
South India
In the Deccan :- 1.) The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical
Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central
India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period,
they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest
dynasty, known as the “Badami Chalukyas”, ruled from Vatapi
(modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The
Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the
decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose
to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. After the death
of Pulakeshin II, the Eastern Chalukyas became an independent
kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled from Vengi until
about the 11th century. In the western Deccan, the rise of
the Rashtrakutas in the middle of the 8th century eclipsed the
Chalukyas of Badami before being revived by their
descendants, the Western Chalukyas, in the late 10th century.
These Western Chalukyas ruled from Kalyani
(modern Basavakalyan) until the end of the 12th century.
2.)Rashtrakuta was a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian
subcontinent between the sixth and 10th centuries. The earliest known
Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule
from Manapura, a city in Central or West India. Other ruling Rashtrakuta clans
from the same period mentioned in inscriptions were the kings
of Achalapur and the rulers of Kannauj. Several controversies exist regarding
the origin of these early Rashtrakutas, their native homeland and their
language.
In the Far South :- 1.) The Chola Empire was based in the Kaveri River Valley,
which runs southeast through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and the southern
Deccan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal. At its height, the Chola Empire controlled
not only southern India and Sri Lanka, but also the Maldives. It took key
maritime trading posts from the Srivijaya Empire in what is now Indonesia,
enabling a rich cultural transfusion in both directions, and sent diplomatic and
trading missions to China’s Song Dynasty.
2.) The Chera dynasty , also known as the Keralaputra, was
one of the principal lineages in the Sangam period history of
the state of Kerala and the Kongu Nadu region of
Western Tamil Nadu in southern India. Together with
the Cholas of Uraiyur (Tiruchirappalli) and the Pandyas of
Madurai, the early Cheras were known as one of the three
major powers (muventar) of ancient Tamilakam in the early
centuries of the Common Era.
3.) The Pandya dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of
Madurai, was an ancient dynasty of South India, and among
the three great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other two being
the Cholas and the Cheras. Extant since at least the 4th to 3rd
centuries BCE, the dynasty passed through two periods of
imperial dominance, the 6th to 10th centuries CE, and under
the ‘Later Pandyas’ (13th to 14th centuries CE). The Pandyas
ruled extensive territories, at times including regions of
present-day South India and northern Sri Lanka through
vassal states subject to Madurai.
Central western India-
1.) The Chahamanas of Shakambhari , colloquially known as the Chauhans of
Sambhar or Chauhans of Ajmer, were a dynasty that ruled parts of the present-
day Rajasthan and neighbouring areas in India, between the 6th and 12th centuries.
The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha. They were the most
prominent ruling family of the Chahamana (Chauhan) Rajput clan.
2.)The Kadambas (345–540 CE) were an ancient royal family of Karnataka, India, that
ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara
Kannada district. The kingdom was founded by Mayurasharma in c. 345, and at later
times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions. An indication of
their imperial ambitions is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers,
and the marital relations they kept with other kingdoms and empires, such as
the Vakatakas and Guptas of northern India. Mayurasharma defeated the armies of
the Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with the help of some native tribes and claimed
sovereignty. The Kadamba power reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma
3.) The Gurjara-Pratiharas were instrumental in containing
Arab armies moving east of the Indus River. Nagabhata
I defeated the Arab army under Junaid and Tamin in
the Caliphate campaigns in India. Under Nagabhata II, the
Gurjara-Pratiharas became the most powerful dynasty in
northern India. He was succeeded by his son Ramabhadra,
who ruled briefly before being succeeded by his son, Mihira
Bhoja. Under Bhoja and his successor Mahendrapala I, the
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty reached its peak of prosperity and
power. By the time of Mahendrapala, the extent of its
territory rivalled that of the Gupta Empire stretching from the
border of Sindh in the west to Bengal in the east and from
the Himalayas in the north to areas past the Narmada in the
south. The expansion triggered a tripartite power
struggle with the Rashtrakuta and Pala empires for control of
the Indian subcontinent. During this period, Imperial
Pratihara took the title
of Maharajadhiraja of Āryāvarta (Great King of Kings of India).
4.)The Paramara dynasty was established in either the 9th or 10th century,
and its early rulers most probably ruled as vassals of the Rashtrakutas of
Manyakheta. The earliest extant Paramara inscriptions, issued by the
10th-century ruler Siyaka, have been found in Gujarat. Around 972 CE,
Siyaka sacked the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta, and established the
Paramaras as a sovereign power. By the time of his successor Munja, the
Malwa region in present-day Madhya Pradesh had become the core
Paramara territory, with Dhara (now Dhar) as their capital. The dynasty
reached its zenith under Munja’s nephew Bhoja, whose kingdom
extended from Chittor in the north to Konkan in the south, and from
the Sabarmati River in the west to Vidisha in the east.
5.)The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a Rajput dynasty in Central
India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then
called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
East India –
1.)The Pala Empire (r. 750-1161 CE) was an
imperial power during the post-classical period in
the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the
region of Bengal. It is named after its ruling
dynasty, whose rulers bore names ending with
the suffix Pala (“protector” in Prakrit). The empire
was founded with the election of Gopala as the
emperor of Gauda in 750 CE. The Pala stronghold
was located in western Bengal and eastern Bihar,
which included the major cities
of Gauda, Vikrampura, Pataliputra, Monghyr, Som
apura, Ramvati
(Varendra), Tamralipta and Jaggadala.

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Emergence Of New Dynasties

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