Bone tumors can be primary tumors originating in bone or metastatic tumors that have spread to bone from other sites. Primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic bone tumors are more common and usually spread from the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiological, pathological, and biochemical examinations.
Bone tumors can be primary tumors originating in bone or metastatic tumors that have spread to bone from other sites. Primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic bone tumors are more common and usually spread from the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiological, pathological, and biochemical examinations.
Bone tumors can be primary tumors originating in bone or metastatic tumors that have spread to bone from other sites. Primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic bone tumors are more common and usually spread from the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiological, pathological, and biochemical examinations.
Bone tumors can be primary tumors originating in bone or metastatic tumors that have spread to bone from other sites. Primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic bone tumors are more common and usually spread from the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiological, pathological, and biochemical examinations.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 11
BONE TUMORS
Are infrequent, but clinically significant
Can be primary or metastatic
INTRODUCTION WHO Classification is based on histogenesis and histologic criteria Can be osseous, non- osseous, indigenous to the bone Metastatic bone tumours are more common Osseous-
• Bone forming- Osteoma, Osteoid osteoma, Osteoblastoma,
• Commonest of the benign cartilage forming lesions
• Though discussed with neoplasms, it is not a true tumour, but is regarded as disorder of growth and development • Arises from metaphysis of long bones as exophytic lesion, most commonly lower femur and upper tibia and upper humerus • Grossly they protrude exophytically as mushroom-shaped, cartilage capped lesion enclosing well formed cortical bone and marrow • Microscopically, they are composed of outer cap composed of mature cartilage and resembling epiphyseal cartilage and the inner mature lamellar bone and bone • Malignant tumour of chondroblasts • Relatively slow growing • Arises from diaphysis, of metaphysis • Age groplup -30 to 60 years • Grossly appears as lobulated mass with myxoid appearance • Microscopically composed of lobules of anaplastic cartilage cells • Invasive
CHONDROSARCOMA GIANT CELL TUMOUR (OSTEOCLASTOMA) • Age group -20 to 40 years • The tumour arises in epiphysis of long bones commonly lower end of femur and upper end of tibia • Clinical features include pain, especially on weight bearing, and movement, noticeable swelling and pathological fracture • Grossly appears as well circumscribed, dark tan mass covered with subperiosteal bone. Cut section show honey-coombed areas due to cystic degeneration • Histologically consists of large number of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells scattered throughout the stromal mononuclear cells. Stromal cells are mononuclear cells and are the real tumour cells Most common primary malignant tumour of bone
Age group -20 to 20 years
Site- metaphysis of long bones example knee
OSTEOSARCOMA joint
Characterised by formation of osteoid Or bone,
or both directly by sarcoma cells
Highly malignant EWING SARCOMA
• Highly malignant • Small round cell tumour • Age group- 5 to 20 years predilection for occurence in females • Site- diaphysis or metaphysis of long bones, particularly femur and tibia. • Clinical features include pain, tenderness and swelling of affected area accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, and elevated ESR. These sign and symptoms may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of osteomyelitis • X-ray –shows subperiosteal reactive bone formation producing characteristic “ONION SKIN” radiologic appearance • Grossly it produces expansion of diaphysis or metaphysis and is characterstically grey-white, soft and friable • Histologically tumour cells are arranged in lobules with formation of pseudorosettes and are composed of cells resembling lymphocytes Metastatic bone tumours
• Metastasis to the skeleton are more frequent than the primary bone tumours • Most skeletal matastases are derived from harmatogenous spread • Bony metastases of carcinomas predominate over the sarcomas • Some of the common carcinomas metastasising to the bones are from - breast, prostate, lung, kidney etc • Skeletal metastases may be single or multiple. • Most commonly involved bone are- • Spine • Pelvis • Femur • Skull • Ribs • Humerus Usual radiographic appearance is of an osteolytic lesion.
Osteoblastic bone metastases occur in cancer of
the prostate, carcinoid tumour and small cell Metastatic bone carcinoma of lung
tumours Metastatic bone tumours generally reproduce the
microscopic picture of primary tumour
Many a times, evidence of skeletal metastases is
the first clinical manifestation of an occult primary cancer in the body Based on combination of clinical, radiological and pathological examination, supplemented by biochemical and haematogical investigations
Include-
Diagnosis • Serum calcium
• Serum phosphorus • Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase • Plasma and urinary proteins • Bone marrow examination in case of myeloma • Urinary catecholamines in case of metastatic neuroblastoma • Haematologic profile in lymphoma, and leukaemia
