Lecture Outline on

DEMOGRAPHY STUDY

1. Definition of Demography and other

Demographic Terms

2. Relevance to Sectoral Planning

3. Its Process (data gathering, processing,

analysis and projections)

4. Its Contents and Structure

1. DEFINITION
*Demography – Human Population, including its size,
composition, distribution, density, growth, and other
demographic and socio-economic characteristics.

*Literally translated from the Greek language, the term

demography means description of the people.

*The Multi-Lingual Demographic dictionary of the

United Nations defines demography as the scientific study
of the human population primarily with respect to size,
structure and development.

*Population, as defined in the Glossary of Definition of

the National statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) is the
total number of individuals in a territory at a specified
time.
 *It covers both nationals and aliens; native- and
foreign-born persons, internees, refugees and other
groups physically present within the borders of a
country at a specified time. Thus, the total population
of the planning area i.e. the city or municipality, is
the number of individuals physically present at a
specified time, that is the census period.
DEFINITION OF
OTHER
DEMOGRAPHIC
TERMS
Child and Youth Population
• This comprises of persons in the study area belonging
to the age range 0-24.

Dependent Population
• This comprises of persons in the study area who are
below 15 and over 64 years old.
Employed Persons
• These refer to persons who work for pay in any
government or private enterprise or those who work
for profit, or without pay on the farm or business
operated by a member of the same household related
by blood, marriage or adoption regardless of the
number of hours devoted for work. Also included are
those who are temporarily absent from job or
business because of such reasons as temporary
illness, vacation, strike or other valid reasons
Gross Density
• This is the ratio (expressed as persons per hectare) of the total
population of an area to the total land area.

Highest Educational Attainment

• This has reference to the highest grade or year completed in
elementary school, high school, college or university, by
persons 5 years of age and over

Religious Affiliation of the Population

• Refers to a particular system of belief, faith or creed.
Household
• This refers to a social unit consisting of a person
living alone or a group of persons who sleep in the
same dwelling and have common arrangement for
food preparation.
Labor Force
(Economically Active)
• This refers to population 15 years old and over who
are either employed or unemployed.
Literacy Rate
• This is the percentage of the population who have at
least completed a year in elementary education to the
population six years old and over.
Marital Status
• This refers to the civil status of persons 10 years and
over (NSO).
Mother Tongue
• This is the first language or dialect spoken by a
person in his earliest childhood.
Not Economically Active
Population
• this includes housekeepers, students and all other
persons without any gainful activity such as
pensioners and other retirees, the disabled, or
physically handicapped, volunteers, prisoners, etc.
Overseas Workers
• Refer to Filipino workers who are presently out of the
country, or who are presently at home on vacation
and are expected to be away for not more than five
years from the date of departure.
Older Population
• This comprises of persons in the study are who are 65
years old and over.

Productive or Working Age Population

• This comprises of persons in the study area belonging
to the age bracket 15-64 years old.

Population Growth Rate (PGR)

• Indicates how fast a population increases or decreases
resulting from the interplay of births, deaths and
migration in a given period of time.
Rural Population
• This refers to the population residing in rural
barangays as classified by the NSO.

Sex Ratio
• This refers to the ratio of the total number of males
over the number of females in the planning area,
expressed as number of males per 100 females. This
is obtained by dividing the male population by the
female population then multiplied by 100.
Unemployed Persons
• This includes all those who are reported wanting and
looking for work on a full-time basis. The desired
work must be sincere and the persons must be serious
about working. Also included are persons reported as
wanting full time work but not looking for work
because of the belief that no work is available or
because of temporary illness, bad weather or other
valid reasons.
Urban Density
• This is the ratio (expressed as persons per hectare) of total urban
population over the total urban area.
Urban Population
• This refers to the population residing in the urban barangays as
classified by the NSO.
• NSCB Resolution No. 9 Series of 2003 dated Oct 13 2003
1. Barangay population size of 5000 or more, or
2. Barangay at least one establishment with a minimum of 100
employees, or
3. Barangay of 5 or more establishments with a minimum of ten
employees, and 5 or more facilities within the 2 kilometer radius
from the Barangay Hall.
Urbanization Level/Urbanity
• This refers to the percentage of urban population to the total
population in the area (municipality).
 LABOR FORCE TOTAL
POPULATION
FRAMEWORK

WORKING AGE POPULATION

(15 YEARS OLD & OVER)

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

LABOR FORCE (ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE)
(ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE) EXAMPLE:
FULL-TIME STUDENTS, STAY
HOME HOUSEWIVES,
RETIREES, ETC.
EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED

Adopted from the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians

1982, Geneva, Switzerland
2. RELEVANCE/SIGNIFICANCE TO CLUP
USERS/PLANNERS

The following topics illustrate the usage of population data by

different sectors:

1.Social Sector (Education, Health, Housing, Sports and

Recreation, Social Welfare and Protective Services)
A. Education

The age structure and population age groups determine the

number of school-going age population, and their impact on
educational facilities and manpower requirements. The
geographical distribution and density of population should be
considered in the distribution/location of educational services
and facilities.
 B. Health, Nutrition and Family Planning

Population size would be a parameter in the analysis of health

facility and health manpower requirements. Birth and death rates
are important indicators in planning maternal and child health
services as well as in family planning other health- related
development services/programs.

C. Housing and Community Development

An increasing population connotes an increasing demand

for housing with necessary amenities and livelihood
opportunities. Squatter settlement sizes and rates of expansion
of the informal sectors have to be estimated in order to help
shape relocation and housing targets in order to provide them with
decent housing.
 D. Social Services and Welfare Services

Data about age cohorts by age and economic

circumstances are necessary in quantifying potential social
welfare services demand. Similarly, a census of the
physically handicapped and survey results showing the
magnitude of those below the poverty line are necessary
inputs in planning for welfare and livelihood programs
related to these needs of those vulnerable groups of the
population.

E. Peace and Order/Protective Services

Population size, its growth would determine the

number of peace keeping personnel that the city
would require.
2.Economic Services (Agriculture, Commerce and Trade,
Industry and Tourism)

Population size, its growth, its spatial and age distribution affect
the demand for economic good and services (food, clothing, and
other manufactured products), the mix of industrial output and
the need to generate employment opportunities.

Population density and rural population would exert impact on

finite/limited cultivable land resources, thus raising concerns for
intensive cultivation to increase productivity or encroachment on
forest areas.
A. Labor and Employment

Analysis of the labor force determines the predominant

development sectors in terms of employment of the
population in an area, that is, the possible labor market.

Areas with considerable unemployment may be determined

and the data can guide the planners in redirecting
development towards the area to create job opportunities for
existing and projected population.
3. Infrastructure

Population size and its growth determine the demand for

power and water supply, drainage and sewage and solid waste
disposal systems among households. Population density is
considered in planning water supply, drainage sewerage and
energy systems since the concentration of potential consumers
is ideal for the construction of physical facilities such as
pipelines and transmission lines.

Population size, its growth and geographical distribution

would bear on the planning of transportation facilities
inasmuch as the flow of commodities from production to
consumption areas is induced by the demand of population for
such commodities. Daytime population should be considered
in highly urbanized centers of the metropolis.
 3. Demography Study
(Its Process)

This concerns the data

gathering/collection, processing , analysis
and projected population related data.
 1. Data Gathering/Collection (Basic Data Requirements)

Basic Data Requirements Where Data is Relevant

1. Population Composition (use latest

census data)
1) Total Population by Age Group, Sex, • Topic on Population Composition
Urban-Rural • Sub-topics on total no. of male
2) Total Population 15 Yrs. Old and Over and females;sex ratio; age group
by Sex and Employment Status composition; age dependency
3) Population 15 Years Old and Over by
ratios; labor force and
Sex and type of Activity
4) Total Population by Sex and employment; school- age
Employment Status population
5) Gainful Workers 15 Yrs. by • Data relevant to economic sectors;
Occupation Group and Industry Group social sectors such as social
6) Employed Persons 15 Yrs. Old and Over welfare and development; health
by Occupation Group services; education services.
7) Unemployed Persons 15 yrs. Old and
Over by Age Group, Sex and
HighestEducational Attainment
Basic Data Requirements Where Data is Relevant

2. Population Distribution • Topic on Population Distribution;

• Sub-topics on Urban/Rural
1) Total population and No. of distribution both population
Households by Barangay and households; *Urbanization
trends and urbanizing barangays;
2) Population Density by • Average household members;
Barangay*
centers of
3) Gross Population Density* population/concentration; density
(Historical at least for the and levels of density (refer to
past 10 years) land area under natural and
physical characteristics);
4) Built-up Density* hierarchy of
settlements/barangays; nodal
growth barangays/growth
centers. Data is relevant to social,
infrastructure and economic
sectors.
 Basic Data Requirements
Where Data is Relevant
3. Population Change
1) Migration, if any/applicable -
Residence of the population for the
last 5 years *Topic on Population Change
 Population by Mother Tongue/Ethnicity
2) Historical Growth of Population (1903- *Sub-topic on Historical
latest census year)
3) Total Population per Census Year from
Growth of Population
1903–2015, if applicable, or any year
from when the LGU is covered by *Data is relevant in projecting
population census future land use requirements
4) Projected Annual Total Population
within the planning period using
and needs for services and
population projection methods/PSA facilities; also relevant in
Estimates making policy proposals

5) Population by Age Group (yearly projection

covering the entire planning period)
6) Projected Population by Barangay
7) Projected Labor Force
Basic Data Requirements Where Data is Relevant

4. Other Population Descriptions

(Use latest census data)
*Sub-topic on Other
1) Total Population 10 Yrs. Old Population Description
and Over by Age Group, Sex such as marital status,
and Marital Status mother tongue, religious
2) Total Population by Mother affiliation, disability;
Tongue literacy rate and
3) Total Population by Religious highest educational
Affiliation attainment
4) Total Population 7 Yrs. Over *Data relevant to education
by Educational Attainment
and social implications
5) Literacy of the Total
Population 10 Years Old and
Over by Age Group, Sex
6) Disabled persons by Age
Group, Sex, Type of Disability
Basic Data Requirements Where Data are Relevant

5. Core Indicators
Data is relevant to all sectors,
1) Fertility Rate population changes and population
distribution
2) Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

3) Crude Death Rate (CDR)

4) Annual Population Growth NOTE:

Rate Data on Core Indicators are
important analytical tools in
5) Labor Force Participation assessing the performance of the
Rate by Sex sector concerned as well as in
6) Unemployment Rate, Total analyzing impact/effects of
and Sex development efforts on population
7) Average Family Income

8) Literacy Rate By Sex

2. Data Processing.
Table No. Population Information*
DE-1 Population Composition by School-Age, Working-Age, Dependent-Age Group and
Sex, Year___
DE-2 Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex, Year ___ and ___
DE-3 Household Population by Urban and Rural Barangay and Average Household Size,
Year ___
DE-4 Urbanization Levels for the Past 20 Years
DE-5 Population Density by Barangay, Year ___
DE-6 Historical Growth of Population
DE-7 Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) for the Past 5
Years/Planning Period
DE-8 Literacy of Population 10 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Year __
DE-9 Population by Mother Tongue, Year ____
DE-10 Population by Religious Affiliation, Year ____
DE-11 Inventory of Religious Establishments, Year ____
DE-12 Labor Force Population by Sex and Employment Status, Year ____
DE-13 Overseas Workers for the Past 5 Years
DE-14 Household Population 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Educational Attainment,
Year
DE-15 Projected Population and Households
DE-16 Population Projection by Barangay, Year ____
DE-17 Projected School-Age Population, Labor Force and Dependent Population
2. Data Analysis .
Population Composition

Describe the locality’s population composition and

compare with provincial, regional or national data as
may be available.

• Total Population by Age Group and Sex

• Age Dependency Ratio
• Labor Force and Employment
• School-Age Population
4. Its Content and Structure
Chapter 1. Demographic Study (Vol. 3 – Sectoral Studies)
1.1 Existing Situation
(Make narrative report - technical writing-supported by tabular data,
charts/graphs, and maps, if available)
1.1.1 Population Composition by School-Age, Woking Age, Dependent-Age
Group and Sex, 2015
Table DE-1. Population Composition by School-Age, Working age, Dependent-Age,
Group and Sex, Year 2015 (p. 273)
Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Sex Ratio
Number Percent Number Percent
School Going Population
Pre-school (3-5)
Elementary (6-11)
Secondary (12-17)
Tertiary (18-21)
Working Age (15-64)
Labor Force (15 and over)
Dependent Population
Young (0-14)
Old (65-over)
1.1.2. Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex, Year ___ and ___
(Table DE- 2)
1.1.3 Household Population by Urban and Rural Barangay and
Average Household Size, Year ___ (Table DE-3)
1.1.4 Urbanization Levels for the Past 20 Years (Table DE-4)
1.1.5 Population Density by Barangay, Year ___ (Table DE-5)
1.1.6 Historical Growth of Population (Table DE-6)
1.1.7 Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) for
the Past 5 Years/Planning Period (Table DE-7)
1.1.8 Literacy of Population 10 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Year __
(Table DE-8)
1.1.9 Population by Mother Tongue, Year ____ (Table DE- 9)
1.1.10 Population by Religious Affiliation, Year ____ (Table DE- 10)
1.1.11 Inventory of Religious Establishments, Year ____ (Table DE-11)

1.1.12 Labor Force Population by Sex and Employment Status, Year ____
(Table DE-12)
1.1.13 Overseas Workers for the Past 5 Years (Table DE-13)
1.1.14 Household Population 5 Years Old and Over by Highest
Educational Attainment, Year_______ ( Table DE-14)
1.2 Population Projections

1.2.1 Projected Population and Households

(Table DE-15)
1.2.2 Projected Population by Barangay
(Table DE-16)
1.2.4 Projected School Age Population,
Labor Force, and Dependent
Population (Table DE-17)
 Table DE-1. Population Composition by School-Age, Working age, Dependent-Age,
Group and Sex, Year 2010 (p. 273)
Age Group Both Male Female Sex Ratio
Sexes
Number Percent Number Percent

School Going Population

Pre-school (3-5)
Elementary (6-11)
Secondary (12-17)
Tertiary (18-21)
Working Age (15-64)
Labor Force (15 and over)
Dependent Population
Young (0-14)
Old (65-over)
Source: Computed based on latest NSO/PSA data on household population by Age Group.

Note: No. of Male

Sex Ratio (SR) = --------------------- x 100
No. of Female
Table DE-2. Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex, Years 2007 and 2010 (p. 274)
Age Group Censal Year 1- 2007 Censal Year 2-2010 (latest)
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Under 1

1-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85 and over
Total

Source: National Statistics Office/Philippine Statistics Authority

Table DE-3. Household Population by Urban and Rural Barangay and
Average Household Size, Year 2010 (p. 275)
Barangay Population Number of Average
Household Household Size

A. Urban

1)
2)
3)
Sub-total
B. Rural
1)
2)
3)
Sub-total
Total

Source: National Statistics Office/Philippine Statistics Authority

Table DE-4. Urbanization Levels for the Past 30 Years (p. 276)

Year City/Municipal Population Tempo of Level of

Population Growth Rate (%) Urbanization Urbanization (%)
(%)
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural City/ Provinci
Municip al
al
1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2010
Notes:
• Y1 to Y5 are based on NSO/PSA conducted censal years. If the LGU has carried out its own survey, this may also be
used.
• Average 5-Year Tempo of Urbanization (%) = (Ave. Urban Pop’n Growth Rate – Ave. Rural Pop’n Growth Rate)
• Level of Urbanization = Urban Population/Total Population) x 100
Table DE-5. Population Density, Gross Density and Built-Up Density, Year 2010 (p. 278)

Barangay Population Total Area Gross Built Up Built Up

(ha) Population Area (ha) Density
Density

Urban

1)
2)
3)
Sub-total
Rural
1)
2)
3)
Sub-total
Total

Source: City/Municipal Planning Development Office

Note: Population
Total Population Density = --------------------------
Total Area
 Table DE-6. Historical Growth of Population (p. 279)

Year City/Municipal Annual Growth Rate (%)

Population 1 Increase/Decrease 2
Male Female Total Male Female Total Municipal3 Provincial 1 Regional1 National1
1903
1918
1939
1948
1960
1970
1975
1980
1990
1995
2000
2007
2010

Source: NSO/PSA
Table DE-7. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) for the Last
Five Years/Planning Period (2006-2010 (p. 280)

% Increase/ % Increase/
Decrease Decrease
Period CBR from CDR from
Previous Previous
Year Year

Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5

Note:
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR) refers to the number of live births per
1,000 mid-year population
• Crude Death Rate (CDR) refers to the number of deaths per 1,000
mid-year population
 Table DE-8. Literacy Rate of Population 10 years Old and Over, by Sex,
Year____ (p. 281)

Indicator City/Municipal Regional

Male Female Both Sex Male Female Both Sex

No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate % No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
% % % % %
Literate
Illiterate
Total (Population > 10
yr)

Note: Rate (%) = (No. per indicator/Total population > 10 yr) x 100
Table DE-9. Population by Mother Tongue, Year____ (p. 282)

Mother Tongue No. of People Percent to Total

Population

TOTAL
Source: Census of Population, NSO/PSA
Table DE-10. Population by Religious Affiliations, Year____ (p. 283)

Religious Affiliation No. of People Percent to Total

Population

TOTAL
 Table DE-11. Inventory of Religious Establishments, Year____ (p. 282)

Barangay Name of Type of Area Hazard Susceptibility Used

Religious Religion (H/M/L) Evacuation
Establishment Center (Y/N)

F T E V L T S Others
l C q o n s u

Notes:
• Indicate level of susceptibility for all hazards: High(H), Moderate(M), Low(L)
• Types of Hazards – Flood (Fl), Topical Cyclone (Tc), Earthquake (Eq), Volcano (Vo), Landslide
(Ln), Tsunami (Ts), Storm Surge (Su), Others (e.g. coastal erosion, sea level rise, land
subsidence, liquefaction, strong wind, change in temperature, change in rainfall, etc.)
• Evacuation Center – Indicate if used as evacuation center; Yes (Y), No (N)
 Table De-12: Labor Force Population By Sex and Employment Status, Year ____.
(p. 282)
Sex City/Municipal Provincial

Popul Employ Perce Unem Perce Popul Empl Perce Unem Perce
ation ed nt ploye nt ation oyed nt ploye nt
15 Yrs d 15 Yrs d
and and
Over Over

Male
Female
Both Sexes

Notes:
• Refer to Table DE-1 to fill up column 2 for the
City/municipality. For data on province, use NSO data.

Employed Pop’n Unemployed Pop’n

% Employed = ------------------------------------- x 100 % Unemployed = ------------------------------------- x 100
Population 15 yrs and over Population 15 yrs and over

“Not in Labor Force” means persons 15 years old and over who are neither employed nor
employed e.g., full-time students, stay-home housewives, retirees,
(http://www.bles.dole.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/primers/LFS_April2011.pdf)
Table DE-13. Overseas Workers for the Past 5 years (p. 283)

Year No. of Overseas Workers Increase/Decrease in No. Increase/Decrease in

(OW) Percent (%)
Total M F Total M F Total M F
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5

Source: Primary Data/Barangay Census

Notes:
• Increase/Decrease in No. = Base year – preceding year
• Increase/Decrease in % = No. of OW for Base Year – No. of OW for Preceding Year x 100
No. of OW for Preceding Year
Table DE-14. Household Population 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Educational
Attainment, Year____ (p. 284)
Highest Educational Attainment City/Municipal Provincial
Male Female Both Sexes Both Sexes
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Pre school
Elementary
Primary (Grade 1-3)
Intermediate ( Grade 4-6)
Secondary
Junior High School (Grade 7-10)
Senior High School (Grade 11-12)
Technical/Vocational Course
Voc-Undergraduate
Voc-Graduate
College
College Undergraduate
College Graduate
Academic Degree
TOTAL

Note: % = (Total No. / No. per level) x 10

 Table DE-15. Projected Population and Households (p.285)

Year Population Household*

Yo
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y10

Source: NSO/PSA

Notes:
• Use latest annual population growth rate derived from Table DE-6
• *Using the average household size derived from Table DE-4
Table DE-16. Population Projection by Barangay, Year____ (p. 286)
Population
Barangay Yo* Participation Rate
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y10
Urban
1)
2)
3)
Sub-Total
Rural
1)
2)
3)
Sub-Total
TOTAL

Notes:
• * Use Latest Census Data
• PR = Barangay Population
Pop’n of City/Municipality
Population projection per brgy. = PR of brgy. X Projected Pop’n of city/municipality
See Table DE-15 for projected population of city/municipality
Table DE-17. Projected School-Age Population, Labor Force, and Dependent
Population, Year____ (p. 286)

Projected
Barangay Yo (Base Participation Rate
Year)
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y10

Population
School Going Population
Pre-school
Elementary
Secondary
Tertiary
Labor Force
Dependent
Young (0-14)
Old (65 and over)
Source: Computed based on the NSO/PSA Data.

Notes:
• PR = Population of grouping / Total Population
• Projection per year = PR x projected total population
Projected Pop’n By Age Group – get the breakdown of the pop’n. by
age group of the base year. Determine the PR of each group.
Multiply the PR of each age group to the projected pop’n.
Table ___
Projected Pop’n by Age Group
2001-2005
Age Pop’n. PR Year
Group 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Under 1 5,916 .0279 6, 074 6, 241 6, 413 6, 559 6, 770

1-4 21, 317 .1006 21, 901 22, 504 23, 122 23, 758 24, 411
5-9 24, 727 .1167 25, 406 26, 105 26, 823 27, 560 28, 318
Etc.
TOTAL 211, 879 1.000 217, 706 223, 693 229, 844 236, 165 242, 659
Some Tips in Good Technical Writing
1.It should be written using short and simple sentences in the active rather
than in the passive voice;

2.Use of flowery words and high sounding words should be avoided;

3.Avoid highly technical terms;

4.If technical terms cannot be avoided, define terms;

5.There is no need to elaborate introductions and premises;

6.It should include the following significant information:

A. Trends (using at least two reference periods),
B. Percentage growth (when compared to other rates can provide
significant information)
C. Relevant shares or percentage distribution
D. Comparison with standards or any reference points,
E. Geographic distributions (allow comparison of performance with
other locations);
7.Each table, graph or chart should be self-explanatory with a short title
that clearly tells the reader what the tables, graph or chart is all
about;

8.Columns in tables should be properly labelled and arranged in a logical

sequence;

9.Sources of data and the date of data collection as well as other

necessary explanatory footnotes (e.g., legend) should be placed at
the bottom of each table, graph or chart; and

10.Each table, graph or chart should be appropriately numbered for easy

reference.
 SOME TIPS FOR QUALITY SEP

•Describe in direct, clear and simple manner the salient and

significant information derived from tables-trends, relative rates,
highest or lowest levels, comparison with standards or better
reference points, geographical distribution and others.

•Make each table, graph or chart self-explanatory, appropriately

titled and numbered with sources and date of data indicated at
the bottom.