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    Sem 5 - ADS511

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    Nasirah Md Isa
    This document discusses research methods and sampling techniques. It provides information on determining sample size based on the statistical technique being used. It also discusses different sampling techniques like random sampling, systematic sampling, quota/strata/cluster sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. Examples are given for each sampling technique. The Krejcie and Morgan sampling method from 1970 is also introduced as a way to simplify determining sample size for a given population.

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    Sem 5 - ADS511

    Uploaded by

    Nasirah Md Isa
    15 views15 pages
    This document discusses research methods and sampling techniques. It provides information on determining sample size based on the statistical technique being used. It also discusses different sampling techniques like random sampling, systematic sampling, quota/strata/cluster sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. Examples are given for each sampling technique. The Krejcie and Morgan sampling method from 1970 is also introduced as a way to simplify determining sample size for a given population.

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    This document discusses research methods and sampling techniques. It provides information on determining sample size based on the statistical technique being used. It also discusses different sampling techniques like random sampling, systematic sampling, quota/strata/cluster sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. Examples are given for each sampling technique. The Krejcie and Morgan sampling method from 1970 is also introduced as a way to simplify determining sample size for a given population.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views15 pages

    Sem 5 - ADS511

    Uploaded by

    Nasirah Md Isa
    This document discusses research methods and sampling techniques. It provides information on determining sample size based on the statistical technique being used. It also discusses different sampling techniques like random sampling, systematic sampling, quota/strata/cluster sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. Examples are given for each sampling technique. The Krejcie and Morgan sampling method from 1970 is also introduced as a way to simplify determining sample size for a given population.

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    Research Method

    &
    Analysis Data
    S E M IN AR 5

    BY
    DR AZ M A AS N AWI S HAH B. HJ. A BD.
    HAK IM
    Research Methods: Sample

     Refers to no. of units to be studied as part of the study.


     Many factors determine the sample size
     Sample size related to statistical techniques to be used
    ◙ Factor Analysis - >100 cases – 15 cases per variable
    ◙ Anova – every category = 30 cases per category
    ◙ Chi-Square – every cell > 5 but around 30 better
    ◙ Regression – 5-25 cases per IV

     Sample size affects generalisability


     More important if not randomly selected – the larger the sample,
    the more normally distributed it becomes – the law of central
    tendency
    Research Methods: Sample

    Sampling: Process of selecting units from a population for the study

     Population of interest
     Why sample?
     too many in one residence / state / country
     too costly
     sampling error can be determined and reduced
     good sampling frame available
    Krejcie and Morgan Sampling Method (1970)

    Krejcie and Morgan Sampling Method


    (1970) is used to simplify the process of
    determining the sample size for a
    predetermined population

     To select a sample from within a


    general population
     To eliminate bias in the selection
    process
     To reduce cost or effort in gathering
    samples
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

     Concepts in Sampling
    ◙ Population – all units in the universe
    ◙ Sampling frame – a listing of the units
    ◙ Sampling technique – the selection of units in the frame.

    Sample

    Population
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    Sampling frame
     A listing of units of the population of interest
     There may be several sampling frames.
    e.g.
    ◙ Telephone listing
    ◙ Tenaga listing
    # Sometimes we do
    ◙ Indahwaster listing not have a sampling
    ◙ Municipality property listing frame.
    Eg. Cinema goers,
    people who have
    complained about
    public services.
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    Sampling technique :

    ◙ Random sampling
    ◙ Systematic sampling
    ◙ Quota / Strata / Cluster sampling
    ◙ Convenience sampling
    ◙ Purposive sampling
    ◙ Snowball sampling
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    1. Random sampling: (Contoh bgi survey form depan market)

    ◙ Identify the population of interest


    ◙ Develop a sampling frame
    ◙ Determine sample size needed
    ◙ Generate a table of random numbers (no specific rules)
    ◙ Using the random number select the sample required from the
    sampling frame
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

     There are free random number generator


    software available on Internet. One can be
    obtained from (http://www.randomiser.org).
    This site is set up to help students, lecturers
    and researchers. It is well design, structured
    and easy to follow and allows a lot of options
    in generating the numbers.
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    2. Systematic sampling (amik org ke 3 utk jwb survey)


     Identify the population of interest
     Develop a sampling frame
     Determine sample size needed
     Determine the selection rule
     Select the sample required using the rule

    i.e. Every 3rd. Name / no


    of population
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    3. Quota/Strata/Cluster Sampling (Contoh utk eksekutif/ non executive)

     Identify the population of interest


     Identify important characteristics for the study subjects
     Divide the total population by the characteristic
     Determine the composition in the population
     Divide the total population using these characteristics
     Select randomly or systematically a proportionate number of
    the total sample from each division
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique
    Quota/Strata/Cluster Sampling:
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    4. Convenience sampling (golongn pling mudah cth barisan depan dalm kelas)
     Clear idea of the population of interests
     Sample size required determined
     Solicit subjects by approaching them
    at convenient locations
     Location, time etc recorded
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    5. Purposive sampling (conth survey utk kemudahan tandas OKU, so org OKU yg dipilih)
     Determine characteristics that will allow good test of theory or
    hypotheses
     Identify the population of interest
     Determine sample size needed
     Develop a profile information
     Select the subjects required
    Research Methods: Sampling Technique

    6. Snowball sampling (cth MLM nye kes, kes political)

     Identify the population of interest


     Determine sample size needed
     Develop a profile information
     Identify a subject and ask for
    other similar subjects

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