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Celestial

The document discusses plasma antennas, which use ionized gas rather than metal as the conducting element. Plasma antennas have several advantages over traditional antennas, including reduced interference and ringing, compact size, flexibility in shape and directionality, and stealth capabilities. They can be dynamically configured to control parameters like frequency, direction, bandwidth and gain. Applications include mobile, satellite, radar and broadcast communications, as well as potential military uses for shipboard, aircraft and vehicle antennas.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

25 views18 pages

Celestial

Uploaded by

wafa hop

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Introduction

Generation of plasma
Plasma antenna system
Containment of plasma
Distribution of charge
Plasma reflector
Ionization of plasma
Advantages
Disadvantages
Technology description
Applications
Conclusion
?WHAT IS PLASMA
• Sir William Crookes, identified a matter, called plasma, in 1879.
• By supplying energy the states of matter change: from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas. If
further energy is added to a gas it becomes ionized and passes over into the Plasma state – a
fourth state of matter.
• Plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are
ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms, thus turning it into a plasma, which
contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons. Ionization can be induced by
other means, such as strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave
generator, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.
• Plasmas carry electrical currents and generate magnetic fields.
COMPARISION OF STATE OF MATTERS PRESENT IN OUR
UNIVERSE
PLASMA ANTENNAS
 Plasma Antennas is a type of radio antenna currently under development.
 Plasma is used instead of metal for conduction i.e. plasma discharge tubes are
used as the antenna element.
 Plasma antenna are Radio frequency antenna that employ plasma as a guiding
medium for electromagnetic radiation.
 It uses ionized gas instead of metal conducting element of conventional antenna
to transmit and receive signals, decreasing interference and boosting the
functionality.
 When the gas of plasma tube is electrically charged or ionized ,it becomes
conductive and allowing radio frequency signals to be transmitted or received.
 When gas is not ionized, the antenna element ceases to exit.
PLASMA ANTENNAS

 Ionized gas is an efficient conducting element with a number of important

advantages. Since the gas is ionized only for the time of transmission or
reception," ringing" and associated effects of solid wire antenna design are
eliminated.
 The design allows for extremely short pulses, important to many forms of digital
communication and radars.
 It is compact and dynamically reconfigured for frequency, direction, bandwidth,
gain and beam width.
 This technology enable to design antenna that are efficient, low in weight and
smaller in size .
?WHY WE USE PLASMA ANTENNA

• Plasma devices are fully steerable

• Are a low cost replacement for both mechanically steered antennas.
• A airborne Plasma antenna provides stealth technology to it.
• Plasma Antennas leads the world in developing low cost plas76 antennas
across the band 1 GHz to 300 GHz.
• A circular scan can be performed electronically with no moving parts at a
higher speed than traditional mechanical antenna structures.
CLASSIFICATION OF PLASMA

PLASMA

HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA(at

LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA temperature of 10^8-10^9 K)

HOT PLASMA
COLD PLASMA
(at temperature of 200-
(at room temperature) 20000k)
TERRESTRIAL PLASMAS

• Those found in:-

 Lightning
 Ionosphere
 SUN
 The Aurora Borealis
KEY FEATURES
1. High directional gain: concentrates RF power to increase link budget, dramatically enhancing network
coverage and capacity.
2. Low side lobes reduce interference, enabling improved frequency reuse and substantially higher
utilization.
3. Wide bandwidth supports simultaneous multi-band or UWB operation from a single compact antenna.
4. High speed beam switching enables spatial time division multiplexing to boost spectral efficiency and
throughput.
5. Compact and lightweight form factor reduces site and mast costs, simplifies installation and minimizes
environmental impact.
6. Maintenance free - auto-aligning with no moving parts and requires no calibration, minimizing total
cost.
STEALTH

 New antenna made of plasma

 Vanishes when u turn off

 Important in battlefield

 Impervious to signal jamming

ADVANTAGES

 Reduced interference & ringing.

 Change shape to control plasma pattern & bandwidth.
 Change plasma parameter.
 Good RF coupling for electrically small antennas
 Frequency selectivity
 Stable and repeatable
 Efficient
 Flexibility in length and direction of path
TYPES OF PLASMA ANTENNAS

• Helical plasma antenna

• Spiral plasma antenna

• Planer array plasma antenna

DISADVANTAGES

Ionizer adds weight and volume .

Ionizer increases power consumption .
 Stable and repeatable plasma volumes: Not all of the gas is
ionized to become plasma, some parts remain unionized. Thus the
volume of the plasma formed during each time should be same to
generate stable electromagnetic waves. This can be achieved by
keeping the current flowing through it constant, which will excite
the same amount of particles
APPLICATIONS
Defence Applications such as:

Mobile communication

Satellite communication

Radar communication

Domestic Applications such as:

TV/Radio Broadcasting.

DEFENSE APPLICATIONS

WiFi SECURITY

Antenna and Transmission Line Applications

Plasma Mirrors (Reflectors) and Lenses

Potential military applications include:

Shipboard/submarine antenna replacements.

Unmanned air vehicle sensor antennas.

IFF ("identification friend or foe") land-based vehicle antennas.

Stealth aircraft antenna replacements.

Broad band jamming equipment including for spread-spectrum emitters

Detection and tracking of ballistic missiles

UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA
ANTENNA
• The gas ionizing process can manipulate resistance
• After sending a pulse the plasma antenna can be de-ionized, eliminating the ringing
associated with traditional metal elements.
• When de-ionized, the gas has infinite resistance and does not interact with RF radiation.
• When de-ionized the gas antenna will not backscatter radar waves (providing stealth) and
will not absorb high-power microwave radiation (reducing the effect of electronic warfare
countermeasures).
• It provides increased accuracy and reduces computer signal processing requirements.
• These advantages are important in cutting edge applications for impulse radar and high-
speed digital communications.
SUMMARY

• These kinds of antennas could prove themselves a valuable asset on a battlefield, where
they could be easily kept out of sight, reduce the number of conventional antennas and
the weight of the structure carrying such an antenna, prevent signal jamming attempts
through rapid adjustments inthe frequency, direction, bandwidth and other parameters.
CONCLUSION

 Plasma antenna is a wide band width and capable of any communication systems