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    2023 BIOL195 Photosynthesis 6 - C4 and CAM Plants

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    Sthabile Nobuhle
    C4 plants have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They use the enzyme PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells to fix carbon dioxide into four-carbon compounds, then transport these compounds to bundle sheath cells where the CO2 is released and used in the Calvin cycle. This process concentrates CO2 around rubisco. Some plants like succulents use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), opening their stomata at night to fix CO2 into organic acids then releasing the CO2 during the day for photosynthesis.

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    2023 BIOL195 Photosynthesis 6 - C4 and CAM Plants

    Uploaded by

    Sthabile Nobuhle
    7 views5 pages
    C4 plants have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They use the enzyme PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells to fix carbon dioxide into four-carbon compounds, then transport these compounds to bundle sheath cells where the CO2 is released and used in the Calvin cycle. This process concentrates CO2 around rubisco. Some plants like succulents use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), opening their stomata at night to fix CO2 into organic acids then releasing the CO2 during the day for photosynthesis.

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    C4 plants have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They use the enzyme PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells to fix carbon dioxide into four-carbon compounds, then transport these compounds to bundle sheath cells where the CO2 is released and used in the Calvin cycle. This process concentrates CO2 around rubisco. Some plants like succulents use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), opening their stomata at night to fix CO2 into organic acids then releasing the CO2 during the day for photosynthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views5 pages

    2023 BIOL195 Photosynthesis 6 - C4 and CAM Plants

    Uploaded by

    Sthabile Nobuhle
    C4 plants have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They use the enzyme PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells to fix carbon dioxide into four-carbon compounds, then transport these compounds to bundle sheath cells where the CO2 is released and used in the Calvin cycle. This process concentrates CO2 around rubisco. Some plants like succulents use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), opening their stomata at night to fix CO2 into organic acids then releasing the CO2 during the day for photosynthesis.

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    C4 Plants

     C4 plants minimize the cost of


    photorespiration by incorporating CO2 into
    four-carbon compounds in mesophyll cells
     This step requires the enzyme PEP
    carboxylase
     PEP carboxylase has a higher affinity for
    CO2 than rubisco does; it can fix CO2 even
    when CO2 concentrations are low
     These four-carbon compounds are
    exported to bundle-sheath cells, where
    they release CO2 that is then used in the
    Calvin cycle
    C4 leaf anatomy

    Mesophyll cell
    Photosynthetic
    cells of C4 Bundle-
    plant leaf sheath
    cell

    Vein
    (vascular tissue)

    Stoma
    The C4 Mesophyll
    pathway cell CO2
    PEP carboxylase

    Oxaloacetate (4C) PEP (3C)


    ADP
    Malate (4C) ATP

    Pyruvate (3C)
    Bundle-
    sheath CO2
    cell

    Calvin
    Cycle

    Sugar

    Vascular
    tissue
    CAM Plants

     Some plants, including succulents, use


    crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to fix
    carbon
     CAM plants open their stomata at night,
    incorporating CO2 into organic acids
     Stomata close during the day, and CO2 is
    released from organic acids and used in the
    Calvin cycle
    Sugarcane Pineapple
    C4 CAM
    CO2 CO2
    Mesophyll 1 CO2 incorporated Night
    cell Organic acid into four-carbon Organic acid
    organic acids
    (carbon fixation)

    Bundle- CO2 CO2 Day


    sheath
    cell
    2 Organic acids
    Calvin release CO2 to Calvin
    Cycle Cycle
    Calvin cycle

    Sugar Sugar

    (a) Spatial separation of steps (b) Temporal separation of steps

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