PSYCHIATRY

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SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL


AND BIOMEDICAL MODELS OF HEALTH
PRESENTED BY
DR P UMA MAHESWARI ( I YEAR PG )
PRESENTED ON
31/5/21

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


DR CHANNABASAVA REDDY MD(HOM)
ASSO.PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE
MODELS OF HEALTH
◦ There are two models of health, namely, biomedical and bio-psychosocial models.
◦ Biomedical model focuses on treatment and elimination of symptoms
◦ Bio-psychosocial model focuses on individual’s perception of their symptoms and
how they and their families respond to symptoms they are experiencing
Focal area Biomedical model Bio-psychosocial model

Biological factors (chemical Biological (virus), psychological


What causes illness? imbalances, bacteria, viruses and (beliefs, behaviour) and social
genetic predisposition ) (unemployment)

Individuals are regarded as victims of


some external force causing internal Individuals should be held
changes. Because illness is seen as a result
Who is responsible for illness? of biological changes beyond their responsible for his/her health and
control, individuals are not seen as illness
responsible for their illness

Through vaccination, surgery, The whole person should be treated,


e.g. behaviour change, change in
chemotherapy and radiotherapy,
How should illness be treated? beliefs and coping strategies and
all of which aim to change the compliance with medical
physical state of the body recommendations
The focus is the whole person
to be treated not just their
The responsibility for treatment physical illness; the patient is
Who is responsible for
rests with the medical therefore responsible for their
treatment?
profession treatment (e.g. taking the
medication or changing their
behaviour)

Health and illness are seen as Health and illness exist on a


What is the relationship qualitatively different—you are continuum. Individuals progress
between health and illness? either healthy or ill—there is no along this continuum from
continuum between the two health to illness and back again
The mind and body function
The focus is on an interaction
What is the relationship between independently of each other. In
between the mind and the body.
the mind and the body? other words, the mind and body
The mind and body interact
are separate entities

Illness may have psychological


consequences, but not Psychological factors not only
psychological causes (e.g. as possible consequences of
What is the role of psychology
cancer may cause unhappiness, illness but as contributing to it at
in health and illness?
but mood is not seen as related all stages along the continuum
to either the onset or progression from healthy to being ill
of the cancer)
◦ ‘stress-diathesis’ model which is currently called bio-psychosocial model.
◦ This model was first described by G.L. Engel in 1977. It emphasizes the interactive
effect of environment and individual vulnerability (genetic and psychological
characteristics) factors upon health
◦ According to bio-psychosocial model, psychological, physical and social threats
present demands upon an individual’s resources and capacity for coping which give
rise to physiological reactions involving the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and
endocrine and immune system of the body.
BIOMEDICAL MODEL BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
MODEL
Single factor causes : looks for the cause of Multiple factors : Assumes that health and
illness rather than contributory factors illness have many causes and can produce
many effects

Explains illness by simplest possible process Integrative medicine relies on this model because it
focuses on the whole body

People not responsible for illness People’s behaviour influences health and
people can change a behaviour

Considers the absence of disease as physical Assumes that continuum between health and illness
wellness must be analysed and considered as a system
THANK YOU

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