FTECH 3310 Lecture 1 Units and Dimension

FTECH 3310: Food Engineering
Assoc. Prof. JOANN DAVID DAR

Dept. of Food Science and Technology, CHSI, CLSU
PGS Food Safety, QA Systems and Risk Analysis, Universiteit Gent-Belgium
M.Sc. Food Science and Technology, ENSIA-SIARC - France
BS Food Technology, CLSU-Philippines
Lecture 1 : Units and Dimension
Objective/s:
a. Define and understand base and derived quantities;
b. Distinguish standard units and system of unit, and fundamental
quantities;
c. Understand and apply converting units within a system or from one
system of unit to the other;
Units- Dimension - Value
Length = 3 centimeter
Dimension Value Unit

1.1 INTRODUCTION
UNIT: A physical quantity that If you say you are measuring a

can be counted or measured square ham 25, that does not mean
using a standard size defined anything. Are you measuring it at
by a custom or law 25cm3, 25m3 or 25ft3? 25 only means
•  e.g.: 2 meters, 1/3 something if a unit is attached to it
seconds, 4.29 kilograms
• Every measurement or
quantitative measurement
requires a unit
1.1 INTRODUCTION …. continuation
DIMENSION – comes from the DIMENSION - divided into TWO

Latin word “measured out” TYPES: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
DIMENSION.
- refers to physical quantities or
 PRIMARY DIMENSION - basic
property which are measured dimension - explains - physical entity
e.g.: length, time, mass, temp., (e.g.: length, time, mass, temp.,).
OR calculated by multiplying or
dividing other dimensions (e.g.:  SECONDARY DIMENSION -
length/time (velocity), length3 combination of several primary
(volume), mass/length3 (density). dimension
- explaining - qualitative - (e.g.: length/time (velocity), length3
materials. (volume), mass/length3 (density).
1.1 INTRODUCTION …. continuation
If a unit becomes accepted – STANDARD UNIT
A group of unit and combination – SYSTEM OF UNITS

e.g. SI Units, British Units, American Engineering System (AES), etc.
SI – International System of Units

- also called “Metric System”
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS
• UNIT - A measured or counted A. Base units OR UNITS – are used to describe

the numerical value for the dimension of
quantity – describes a numerical mass, length, time, temperature, electrical
value. current and light intensity.
• explaining - scale of quantitative –
dimensions B. Multiple units - multiples or fractions of
base units
e. g.: TIME = sec, LENGTH = km,
e.g.: minutes > hours > milliseconds -
TEMP. = Kelvin Multiple units are defined for convenience
rather than necessity (e.g.: it is simply more
convenient to refer to 3 yrs than to
UNIT - divided into 3 types: 94,608,000 s).
•  Base units.
•  Multiple units. C. Derived units - combination of several basic
unit – by multiplying and dividing the base or
•  Derived units. multiple units)
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS…. continuation
e. g.: VELOCITY: m/s, FORCE: kg.m/s2.
•  Usually they were given a specific UNIT NAMES so that they can be simply be used and
recognized.
e. g.: FORCE: kg.m/s2 ----- Newton (N), ENERGY: N.m ------------ Joule (J).
•  The combination of the UNIT depends on the definitions OR to simplify the formula.
e. g.: FORCE: F = m x a.
•  Which is the MASS unit (m) = kg and VELOCITY (a) = m/s2.
•  So, the unit combination will be FORCE (F): kg x m/s2 = kg.m/s2.
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS…. continuation
In 1960 - international conference formulated a system
• -metric unit that has gained widespread acceptance in the scientific and engineering
community.
•  It is known as the “Systeme Internationale d’Unites” OR SI system.
Other system is the American engineering system or British system.

e. g.: length = foot (ft), mass = pound-mass (Ibm), time = second (s).
Base Units
Quantity/Dimension Unit Symbol
Length Meter (SI) m

Mass Kilogram (SI) kg
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
Light intensity Candela cd
Concentration Mol mol
SI derived units
Quantity/Dimension Unit Symbol Equivalent in terms of
base units
Volume liter I or L 0.001 m3/1000 cm3
Force Newton (SI) N 1 kg.m/s2
Pressure Pascal (SI) Pa 1 N/m2
Energy, work Joule (SI) J or cal 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2/s2 or

4.184 J
Power Watt W 1 J/s = 1 kg.m2/s3
1.3 CONVERSION OF UNITS
A measured quantity can be expressed in terms of any units having the appropriate
dimension.
To convert a quantity expressed in terms of one unit to its equivalent in terms of another
unit, MULTIPLY the given quantity by the CONVERSION FACTORS.
CONVERSION FACTORS = NEW UNIT/OLD UNIT.

e. g.: To convert 36 mg to its equivalent in grams
ANS: (36 mg) × 1 g/1000 mg = 0.0036 g
THE SIMPLE WAY: Use the vertical line instead of multiplication symbol.
1.3 CONVERSION OF UNITS…..
continuation
1. Convert an acceleration of 1 cm/s2 to its equivalent in km/yr2.
Answer: 9.95 x 10 9 km/yr2

(Show your solution below)
Sample exercises (Show your solution)
1. Convert 100 Btu/h ft2 ° F to kW/m2 °C
2. Convert 100 lb mol/h ft2 to kg mol/s m2
3. Convert 0.5 lbf s/ft2 to Pas
End

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FTECH 3310: Food Engineering

Assoc. Prof. JOANN DAVID DAR

Dimension Value Unit

UNIT: A physical quantity that If you say you are measuring a

DIMENSION – comes from the DIMENSION - divided into TWO

If a unit becomes accepted – STANDARD UNIT

A group of unit and combination – SYSTEM OF UNITS

SI – International System of Units

• UNIT - A measured or counted A. Base units OR UNITS – are used to describe

Other system is the American engineering system or British system.

Length Meter (SI) m

Force Newton (SI) N 1 kg.m/s2

Pressure Pascal (SI) Pa 1 N/m2

Energy, work Joule (SI) J or cal 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2/s2 or

CONVERSION FACTORS = NEW UNIT/OLD UNIT.

Answer: 9.95 x 10 9 km/yr2

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