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FTECH 3310 Lecture 1 Units and Dimension

1. The document discusses units, dimensions, and systems of units used in food engineering. It defines units as physical quantities that can be measured using a standard size and dimension as referring to physical properties that are measured. 2. The International System of Units (SI) is described as the standard system used in engineering. It identifies the base units for fundamental dimensions like length, mass, time, and derived units for things like volume, force, and pressure that are combinations of base units. 3. Procedures are provided for converting between units by using conversion factors that are ratios of the new and old units. Examples show how to set up and solve unit conversion problems.

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Joann David
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111 views

FTECH 3310 Lecture 1 Units and Dimension

1. The document discusses units, dimensions, and systems of units used in food engineering. It defines units as physical quantities that can be measured using a standard size and dimension as referring to physical properties that are measured. 2. The International System of Units (SI) is described as the standard system used in engineering. It identifies the base units for fundamental dimensions like length, mass, time, and derived units for things like volume, force, and pressure that are combinations of base units. 3. Procedures are provided for converting between units by using conversion factors that are ratios of the new and old units. Examples show how to set up and solve unit conversion problems.

Uploaded by

Joann David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FTECH 3310: Food Engineering

Assoc. Prof. JOANN DAVID DAR


Dept. of Food Science and Technology, CHSI, CLSU
PGS Food Safety, QA Systems and Risk Analysis, Universiteit Gent-Belgium
M.Sc. Food Science and Technology, ENSIA-SIARC - France
BS Food Technology, CLSU-Philippines
Lecture 1 : Units and Dimension
Objective/s:
a. Define and understand base and derived quantities;
b. Distinguish standard units and system of unit, and fundamental
quantities;
c. Understand and apply converting units within a system or from one
system of unit to the other;
Units- Dimension - Value

Length = 3 centimeter

Dimension Value Unit


1.1 INTRODUCTION

UNIT: A physical quantity that If you say you are measuring a


can be counted or measured square ham 25, that does not mean
using a standard size defined anything. Are you measuring it at
by a custom or law 25cm3, 25m3 or 25ft3? 25 only means
•  e.g.: 2 meters, 1/3 something if a unit is attached to it
seconds, 4.29 kilograms
• Every measurement or
quantitative measurement
requires a unit
1.1 INTRODUCTION …. continuation

DIMENSION – comes from the DIMENSION - divided into TWO


Latin word “measured out” TYPES: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
DIMENSION.
- refers to physical quantities or
 PRIMARY DIMENSION - basic
property which are measured dimension - explains - physical entity
e.g.: length, time, mass, temp., (e.g.: length, time, mass, temp.,).
OR calculated by multiplying or
dividing other dimensions (e.g.:  SECONDARY DIMENSION -
length/time (velocity), length3 combination of several primary
(volume), mass/length3 (density). dimension
- explaining - qualitative - (e.g.: length/time (velocity), length3
materials. (volume), mass/length3 (density).
1.1 INTRODUCTION …. continuation

If a unit becomes accepted – STANDARD UNIT

A group of unit and combination – SYSTEM OF UNITS


e.g. SI Units, British Units, American Engineering System (AES), etc.

SI – International System of Units


- also called “Metric System”
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS

• UNIT - A measured or counted A. Base units OR UNITS – are used to describe


the numerical value for the dimension of
quantity – describes a numerical mass, length, time, temperature, electrical
value. current and light intensity.
• explaining - scale of quantitative –
dimensions B. Multiple units - multiples or fractions of
base units
e. g.: TIME = sec, LENGTH = km,
e.g.: minutes > hours > milliseconds -
TEMP. = Kelvin Multiple units are defined for convenience
rather than necessity (e.g.: it is simply more
convenient to refer to 3 yrs than to
UNIT - divided into 3 types: 94,608,000 s).
•  Base units.
•  Multiple units. C. Derived units - combination of several basic
unit – by multiplying and dividing the base or
•  Derived units. multiple units)
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS…. continuation
e. g.: VELOCITY: m/s, FORCE: kg.m/s2.
•  Usually they were given a specific UNIT NAMES so that they can be simply be used and
recognized.

e. g.: FORCE: kg.m/s2 ----- Newton (N), ENERGY: N.m ------------ Joule (J).
•  The combination of the UNIT depends on the definitions OR to simplify the formula.

e. g.: FORCE: F = m x a.
•  Which is the MASS unit (m) = kg and VELOCITY (a) = m/s2.
•  So, the unit combination will be FORCE (F): kg x m/s2 = kg.m/s2.
1.2 SYSTEM OF UNITS…. continuation
In 1960 - international conference formulated a system
• -metric unit that has gained widespread acceptance in the scientific and engineering
community.
•  It is known as the “Systeme Internationale d’Unites” OR SI system.

Other system is the American engineering system or British system.


e. g.: length = foot (ft), mass = pound-mass (Ibm), time = second (s).
Base Units
Quantity/Dimension Unit Symbol

Length Meter (SI) m


Mass Kilogram (SI) kg
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
Light intensity Candela cd
Concentration Mol mol
SI derived units
Quantity/Dimension Unit Symbol Equivalent in terms of
base units
Volume liter I or L 0.001 m3/1000 cm3

Force Newton (SI) N 1 kg.m/s2

Pressure Pascal (SI) Pa 1 N/m2

Energy, work Joule (SI) J or cal 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2/s2 or


4.184 J
Power Watt W 1 J/s = 1 kg.m2/s3
1.3 CONVERSION OF UNITS
A measured quantity can be expressed in terms of any units having the appropriate
dimension.

To convert a quantity expressed in terms of one unit to its equivalent in terms of another
unit, MULTIPLY the given quantity by the CONVERSION FACTORS.

CONVERSION FACTORS = NEW UNIT/OLD UNIT.


e. g.: To convert 36 mg to its equivalent in grams
ANS: (36 mg) × 1 g/1000 mg = 0.0036 g

THE SIMPLE WAY: Use the vertical line instead of multiplication symbol.
1.3 CONVERSION OF UNITS…..
continuation
1. Convert an acceleration of 1 cm/s2 to its equivalent in km/yr2.

Answer: 9.95 x 10 9 km/yr2


(Show your solution below)
Sample exercises (Show your solution)
1. Convert 100 Btu/h ft2 ° F to kW/m2 °C
2. Convert 100 lb mol/h ft2 to kg mol/s m2
3. Convert 0.5 lbf s/ft2 to Pas
End

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