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    Chap7 Biomasse

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    fatima zahra
    Biomass refers to biological material from living or recently living organisms, often plants or plant-based materials. It can be used directly as a fuel through combustion or converted into various forms of biofuel through thermal, chemical, or biochemical methods. The estimated annual biomass production in the world is 105 petagrams, about half on land and half in the oceans. Biomass has the potential to provide about one tenth of the current global energy consumption annually through conversion into other fuels and energy.

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    Chap7 Biomasse

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    fatima zahra
    13 views35 pages
    Biomass refers to biological material from living or recently living organisms, often plants or plant-based materials. It can be used directly as a fuel through combustion or converted into various forms of biofuel through thermal, chemical, or biochemical methods. The estimated annual biomass production in the world is 105 petagrams, about half on land and half in the oceans. Biomass has the potential to provide about one tenth of the current global energy consumption annually through conversion into other fuels and energy.

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    Biomass refers to biological material from living or recently living organisms, often plants or plant-based materials. It can be used directly as a fuel through combustion or converted into various forms of biofuel through thermal, chemical, or biochemical methods. The estimated annual biomass production in the world is 105 petagrams, about half on land and half in the oceans. Biomass has the potential to provide about one tenth of the current global energy consumption annually through conversion into other fuels and energy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    13 views35 pages

    Chap7 Biomasse

    Uploaded by

    fatima zahra
    Biomass refers to biological material from living or recently living organisms, often plants or plant-based materials. It can be used directly as a fuel through combustion or converted into various forms of biofuel through thermal, chemical, or biochemical methods. The estimated annual biomass production in the world is 105 petagrams, about half on land and half in the oceans. Biomass has the potential to provide about one tenth of the current global energy consumption annually through conversion into other fuels and energy.

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    ‫الطاقة من الكتلة الحيوية‬

    ‫‪Biomass‬‬
    Le cycle du carbone
    Biomass is biological material
    derived from living, or recently
    living organisms. It most often refers
    to plants or plant-based materials. As
    an energy source, biomass can either
    be used directly via combustion to
    produce heat, or indirectly after
    converting it to various forms of
    biofuel.
    Conversion of biomass to biofuel can
    be achieved by different methods
    which are broadly classified into:
    -thermal,
    -chemical,
    and
    -biochemical methods
    The estimated biomass
    production in the world is 105
    petagrams (105 10 g) of carbon
    15

    per year, about half in the ocean


    and half on land.
    Biomass Production vs Energy Use
    Composition of Urban Garbage
    William Rathje
    Garbologist

    When did Arizona


    Residents throw out
    the most meat?
    Composition of Solid Waste:
    23 Cities
    The total annual primary production of
    biomass is just over 100 billion tonnes/yr.
    and the energy reserve per metric tonne of
    biomass is between about 1.5 – 3 Kilowatt
    hours (5000 – 10,000 BTU) then biomass
    could perhaps provide only one tenth of the
    approximate annual 150 Terrawatt/hours
    required for the current world energy
    consumption
    Le potentiel de la biomasse en Algérie
    a) Potentiel de la forêt :
    Le potentiel actuel est évalué à environ  37 Millions de TEP
    (Tonnes équivalent pétrole).
    Le potentiel récupérable est de l'ordre  3,7 Millions de TEP . Le
    taux de récupération actuel est de l'ordre de 10%.
     
    b) Potentiel énergétique des déchets urbains et agricoles  
    5 millions de tonnes de déchets urbains et agricoles ne sont pas 
    recyclés.
    Ce potentiel représente un gisement de l'ordre de 1.33 milllions de
    Tep/an
    Waste to Energy Plant

    Locked into long term contract: may discourage recycling


    Fly ash: Bottom ash: Where collected and transported?
    Recycling Trivia
    Americans consume 2.5 million plastic bottles every hour

    Recycling of all paper used in the Sunday edition of the New


    York Times would save 75,000 trees per year.

    Energy loss in 2 aluminum cans without recycling > energy used


    daily by one human in developed countries.

    Recycling 1 aluminum can saves enough energy to run a TV for 3


    hours.
    Black layers on top and bottom: liner
    Secure Landfill Liner thickness: about 1/3 inch
    Circles on bottom: leachate pipes
    Note: Gas vent, low permeability soil,
    filter layer, barrier layer, drainage layer
    Biomass to
    Fuel
    Conversions
    Results:
    Alcohol (Ethanol)
    Biogas (Methane)
    Syngas
    Gasoline (Biocrude)
    Diesel Fuel (Plant Oil)
    Methods of Biomass to Energy
    Conversion
    1-Direct combustion

    2-Pyrolysis (Absence of oxygen):


    thermal decomposition into gas or liquid
    Involves high temperatures (500-900°C),
    low oxygen
    3-Biochemical processes:
    Anaerobic digestion by methanogens
    Controlled fermentation produces alcohols:
    Ethanol (grain alcohol)
    Methanol (wood alcohol)

    • Plant matter – hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin


    • Pretreatment
    • Hydrolysis
    • Sugar Fermentation
    Anaerobic Digester
    Converts animal or plant waste
    Into methane

    Typical wastes:
    Manure (feed lots,pig farms, poultry)
    Olive oil mill waste
    Potato processing waste

    Big deal: Agricultural Science Depts


    Temperature : 35°C
    Energy in Biomass
    Only a small amount energy in sunlight converted into biomass
    by plants.
    Conversion efficiency varies:
    Sugar cane: 2%
    Corn: 1%
    Typical forest: 0.8%
    Most food plants: <0.8%
    Maximum theoretical efficiency: 10%
    Sugar Cane

    Sugar cane: very high productivity per acre. Use bagasse


    (sugar cane waste) to run boilers to boil sap for sugar.
    Bagasse to energy plants: 7% of Hawaiian energy
    (Mauritius)
    Bagasse to Methane Plant
    Four Year Old
    Eucalyptus: Hawaii

    Eucalyptus: produce high


    amounts Of biomass under drier
    conditions.
    Plants as Sources of Petroleum
    Like Substances
    -Gopher plant: grows wild in California: 25
    barrels of crude oil per hectare.

    -Copaifera multijuga: found in Brazil: produces


    almost pure diesel fuel.

    -Bladderpod: can be used to make plastic


    Jojoba: 50% oil by weigh
    Plastics Made from Pyrolysis Oil
    (Wood Chip Waste)
    Comparable Efficiency Values
    Efficiency: multiply by 100.

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