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    Filarial Worms

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    Dayana Prasanth
    Filarial worms are roundworms that live in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes of humans. There are three main types that can cause lymphatic filariasis by blocking the lymphatic system, leading to swelling. The worms live for 5-7 years and reproduce via microfilaria that are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding and develop further in the mosquito before infecting another human host. Diagnosis involves finding microfilaria in blood smears or detecting antibodies through serological tests. Treatment involves a single dose combination of albendazole and either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate.

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    Filarial Worms

    Uploaded by

    Dayana Prasanth
    14 views8 pages
    Filarial worms are roundworms that live in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes of humans. There are three main types that can cause lymphatic filariasis by blocking the lymphatic system, leading to swelling. The worms live for 5-7 years and reproduce via microfilaria that are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding and develop further in the mosquito before infecting another human host. Diagnosis involves finding microfilaria in blood smears or detecting antibodies through serological tests. Treatment involves a single dose combination of albendazole and either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate.

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    Filarial Worms (3)

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    Filarial worms are roundworms that live in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes of humans. There are three main types that can cause lymphatic filariasis by blocking the lymphatic system, leading to swelling. The worms live for 5-7 years and reproduce via microfilaria that are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding and develop further in the mosquito before infecting another human host. Diagnosis involves finding microfilaria in blood smears or detecting antibodies through serological tests. Treatment involves a single dose combination of albendazole and either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views8 pages

    Filarial Worms

    Uploaded by

    Dayana Prasanth
    Filarial worms are roundworms that live in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes of humans. There are three main types that can cause lymphatic filariasis by blocking the lymphatic system, leading to swelling. The worms live for 5-7 years and reproduce via microfilaria that are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding and develop further in the mosquito before infecting another human host. Diagnosis involves finding microfilaria in blood smears or detecting antibodies through serological tests. Treatment involves a single dose combination of albendazole and either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    FILARIAL WORMS

    White, slender roundworms


    Three types: Wuchereria bancrofti,
    Brugia malayi, Brugia timori
    Live for 5-7 years, produce
    millions of offspring
    Block the lymphatic system
    Network of channels and lymph
    nodes that help maintain fluid levels
    in the body
    Blockage leads to edema (collection
    of fluid in tissues)
    Adult worms: sexes are separate.
    Female worms are long and males are short.
    Females are ovo-viviparous- lays eggs containing
    embryos(microfilaria).
    Microfilaria: have colourless sheath within which the
    microfilaria moves with characteristic motility.
    Present in peripheral blood.
    Contain many nuclei.
    Route of entry: Skin penetration of the infective larvae
    deposited by the mosquito.
    Infection then occurs in lymphatic system and lymph
    nodes.
    Infective stage is the microfilariae after development in
    the mosquito.
    Microfilaria in peripheral blood of humans is not
    infective to another even if a blood transfusion occurs.
    Life cycle: Definitive host – humans
    Intermediate host – mosquitoes
    Adult worm live in the lymph nodes and lymphatic
    system of humans.
    Microfilaria are released by gravid female which
    circulates in the peripheral bloodstream. Seen in large
    numbers at night.
    Mosquito during blood meal may also take up these
    microfilaria – which undergo development in the
    mosquito. Mosquito then becomes infective.
    Pathogenesis:
    Classical filariasis(Lymphatic Filariasis) : caused by
    the adult worm causing block in the lymphatic
    channels. Also known as elephantiasis – due to massive
    enlargement of part of the body effected. It is a
    disfiguring and disabling disease, which is generally
     aquired in childhood. In the early stages,though there
    are either no symptoms or non-specific symptoms, the
    lymphatic system is damaged.
    This stage can last for several years. Infected persons
    sustain the transmission of the disease. The long term
    physical consequences are painful swollen limbs
    (lymphoedema or elephantiasis).
    Occult filariasis: called occult(hidden) – as
    microfilaria are not present in the peripheral blood.
    Primarily due to hypersensitivity reaction to the
    microfilarial antigens.
    Patient has esinophilia, enlarged spleen and
    lymphnodes.
    No enlargement of body parts.
    Lab diagnosis
    Direct: Demonstration of agent: Larval stage in
    peripheral blood. Adult stage in lymph nodes.
    Indirect: 1. Demonstration of the presence of
    antibodies by serological tests by ELISA, IHA, IFA.
    These are used to diagnose occult filariasis.
    2. Eosinophilia: due to allergic reactions caused by
    parasite.
    Treatment
    The recommended regimen for treatment of filariasis
    is   a single dose of two medicines are given together -
    albendazole with  either ivermectin or
    diethylcarbamazine citrate

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