Law of the Sea: Principles of the law of the Sea,

Concepts of Baseline , Archipelagic State and

the Philippine Archipelagic state, Differentiate
the Territorial Sea, the Exclusive Economic Zone
(EEZ). Continental Shelf, high Seas and the
Responsibilities of the Coastal States
z

REPORTERS: LUANGCO, MAGBANUA, OBIAS

AND OFRACIO
 LAW OF THE SEA
z

 Law of the sea is a body of international law governing the rights and duties of
states in maritime environments. It concerns matters such as navigational
rights, sea mineral claims, and coastal waters jurisdiction.
 While drawn from a number of international customs, treaties, and
agreements, modern law of the sea derives largely from the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), effective since 1994, which is
generally accepted as a codification of customary international law of the sea,
and is sometimes regarded as the "constitution of the oceans
 z
PRINCIPLE OF THE LAW
SEA
 He international law of the sea is governed by three principles:
the principle of freedom, the principle of sovereignty and the
principle of the common heritage of mankind. Traditionally the
law of the sea has been dominated by the principle of freedom
and the principle of sovereignty.
 4 Zones of the Law of
z

 Territorial Sea
the Sea
 Contiguous Zone

 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

 Continental Shelf, The High seas

area
 z
CONCEPT OF BASELINE

 Baseline is the value or condition against which all future measurements will be
compared. The baseline is a point of reference. In project management there
are three baselines – schedule baseline, cost baseline and scope baseline.
 Baseline (sea) A baseline, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea, is the line along the coast from which the seaward limits of a
state's territorial sea and certain other maritime zones of jurisdiction are
measured, such as a state's exclusive economic zone. Normally, a sea
baseline follows the low-water line.
z
CONCEPT OF BASELINE
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ARCHIPELAGO STATE
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ARCHIPELAGO STATE
 An archipelagic state is an island country that consists of an archipelago.
The designation is legally defined by the United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). In various Conferences the Bahamas, Fiji,
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines are the five original
sovereign states that obtained approval in the UNCLOS signed in
Montego Bay, Jamaica on 10 December 1982 and qualified as the
archipelagic states
 Hawaii is the only state of the United States that is not geographically
located in North America, grows coffee, is completely surrounded by
water, is entirely an archipelago, has royal palaces, and does not have a
straight line in its state boundary.
 z
The Philippine Achielago State

 To begin with, there is a need for a greater consciousness of the

Philippines as an archipelagic state among policy makers and
the public. Why, some Filipinos think like they’re living in a vast
continental mass! There are many reasons for Filipinos to be
glad and proud of belonging to the Philippine archipelago.
 An archipelago with diverse topography, the Philippines is a
country with plenty of landscapes and seascapes waiting to be
explored. Apo Island is a 72-hectare island and marine
sanctuary; one of the first marine protected areas (MPA)
designated in the country back in the 1990s.
 DIFFERENTIATE
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THE TERRITORIAL SEA

 Territorial sea is that part of the sea which is adjacent to the coastal State and which is
bounded by the high seas on its outer edge. The Coastal State exercises its sovereignty
over this area as it exercises over its internal waters. The sovereignty extends to the
airspace over the territorial sea as well as its bed and sub-soil.
 Territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,
is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles 22 km; 14 mi) from the
baseline (usually the mean low-water mark of a coastal state.
 Each coastal State may claim a territorial sea that extends seaward up to 12 nautical
miles (nm) from its baselines. The coastal State exercises sovereignty over its territorial
sea, the airspace above it, and the seabed and subsoil beneath it.
z DIFFRENTIATE THE TERRITORIAL SEA
z
Exclusive Economic Zone &
Continental shelf

 An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of
the sea in which a sovereign state has special rights regarding
the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy
production from water and wind. It stretches from the outer limit
of the territorial sea (12 nautical miles from the baseline) out to
200 nautical miles (nmi) from the coast of the state in question.
It is also referred to as a maritime continental margin and, in
colloquial usage, may include the continental shelf.
z
HIGH SEAS AND THE REPONSIBILITIES
OF THE COASTAL STATE

 It should be noted that while the resources and the responsibility to

protect them is that of the coastal State, the sea within the EEZ is
‘high seas’. A coastal State may only interfere in the freedom of
navigation enjoyed by a vessel if it can be shown that its activities
are prejudicial to the protection of resources.
 Rights and Responsibilities of States on the High Seas and in the
EEZ Robert Beckman Director, Centre for International Law Part 1
Rights and Responsibilities on the High Seas •The high seas are
open to all States, whether coastal or land- locked. •No State may
validly purport to subject any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.
 z

What is the coastal states’

responsibility for the
environment?
z

 The coastal states’ responsibility. And yet states have

a particular responsibility, because the coastal waters
within the EEZs are the world’s most intensively
utilized marine areas, providing food and income for
very large numbers of people. Over time, the
pressure on the EEZs has increased. At one time, the
coastal waters mainly supplied fish.
z

Short Quiz

 1. What is the Law of the Sea Means?

 2. Give the three principles of the Law of the Sea?
 3.-6. Give the 4 zones of the Law of the Sea?
 7. What is the meaning of EEZ?
 8. What is the responsibility of coastal state for the
environment?
z

 THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING ANG
COLLABORATING IN OUR
REPORT!
 GOD BLESS TO ALL
 z REFERENCES

 See:[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
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 z
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