Introduction To Network+ Lesson4
Introduction To Network+ Lesson4
Network Components
:Bandwidth
در اصطالح مخابراتی پهنای باند یک رسانه انتقال 6محدوه فرکانسی است که آن رسانه می تواند منتقل کند .در اصالح شبکه های
کامپیوتری حداکثر مقدار اطالعاتی است که در واحد زمان از یک نقطه به یک نقطه دیگر می تواند انتقال یابد.
:Throughput
پهنای باند واقعی و اندازه گیری شده در هنگام انتقال اطالعات در ساعات خاصی از روز است.گذر دهی معموال از پهنای باند
یک رسانه انتقال کم تر است.
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Media
Coaxial Cable
Category 3: Category 3 (Cat 3) cable was used in older Ethernet 10BASE-T networks, which carried data
at a rate of 10 Mbps (where Mbps stands for megabits per second, meaning millions of bits per second)
Category 5: Category 5 (Cat 5) cable is commonly used in Ethernet 100BASE-T networks, which carry
data at a rate of 100 Mbps.
Category 5e: Category 5e (Cat 5e) cable is an updated version of Cat 5 and is commonly used for
1000BASE-T networks, which carry data at a rate of 1 Gbps.
Category 6: Like Cat 5e cable, Category 6 (Cat 6) cable is commonly used for 1000BASE-T Ethernet
networks.
Cat 5e may have a longer delay for the signal to get from one side to the other.
Category 6a: Category 6a (Cat 6a), or augmented Cat 6, supports twice as many frequencies as Cat 6 and
can be used for 10GBASE-T networks, which can transmit data at a rate of 10 billion bits per second (10
Gbps).
Network Components & Transmission Basics
RJ-45: A type 45 registered jack (RJ-45) is an eight-pin connector found in most Ethernet network.
.However, most Ethernet implementations only use four of the eight pins
RJ-11: A type 11 registered jack (RJ-11) has the capacity to be a six-pin connector. However, most RJ-11
connectors have only two or four conductors. An RJ-11 connector is found in most home telephone
networks. However, most home phones only use two of the six pin.
DB-9 (RS-232): A DB-9 connector is commonly used as a connector for asynchronous serial
.communications
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Straight Cable
Network Components & Transmission Basics
-1هسته ( : ) Core
هسته نازك شیشه اي در مرکز فیبر که سیگنالهاي نوري در آن حرکت مـی نماینـد
-2روکش ( : ) Cladding
بخش خارجی فیبر بوده که دورتا دور هسته را احاطه کرده و باعث برگشت نور منعکس شده به هسته مـی گـردد .
پوشـش هسته به منحرف نشدن پرتوها کمک میکند .ضریب انعکاس روکش از هسته کمتر بوده و موجب شکست
کامل نور تابیده شـده بـه دیـواره هسـته میشود.
Pigtail
کابلهای آماده ای هس6تند ک6ه از ی6ک س6مت کانکتور فی6بر خورده اس6ت و از س6ر دیگ6ر در داخ6ل پ6چ پن6ل ب6ه س6ر یک6ی از کابلهای لخت
شده فیبر فیوژن می شود.
Patch Cord
برای اتص6ال بی6ن پ6چ پن6ل 6فی6بر نوری و س6وئیچ شبک6ه از پ6چ کورد اس6تفاده م6ی کنی6م .ای6ن پ6چ کورد ه6ا ه6م بای6د متناس6ب ب6ا قط6ر کاب6ل فیبر
نوری انتخاب شوند .مثال پ6چ کورد س6ینگل مود برای فی6بر س6ینگل مود و پ6چ کورد مالت6ی مود برای فی6بر مالت6ی مود اس6تفاده م6ی شود .پچ
کورد ها دارای کانکتورهای مختلفی هستند که در کارخانه بر روی آنها نصب شده ا6ست.
Network Components & Transmission Basics
انواع کانکتورهای فیبر نوری
DIN Connector
MTRJ Connector
Network Components & Transmission Basics
: Collisionزمانی که دو بیت از دو کامپیوتر مختلف در یک رسانه انتقال مشترک و در یک زمان ارسال می شوند Collision
رخ می دهد.
Network Components & Transmission Basics
• Half-duplex transmission
• One at a time
• Full-duplex
• Point-to-point transmission
• Point-to-multipoint transmission
• Broadcast transmission
Patch Panel
پچ پنل بین نقاط انتهایی کابلهای شبکه و تجهیزات شبکه ای مثل روتر ،سوییچ ... ،قرار گرفته و به جای اینکه کابل های شبکه
.مستقیما به این تجهیزات متصل شوند از طریق پچ پنل وصل میشوند.این کار باعث نظم در کابل 6ها و مدیریت راحت تر آنها می گردد
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Hub
s
.Passive hub: Does not amplify (that is, electrically regenerate) received bits
Active hub: Regenerates incoming bits as they are sent out all the ports on a hub, other
.than the port on which the bits were received
Smart hub: The term smart hub usually implies an active hub with enhanced features,
.such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) support
Bridges
A bridge joins two or more LAN segments, typically two Ethernet LAN segments.
Each LAN segment is in separate collision domains
Each port on a bridge is in a separate collision
domain
Unlike a hub, which blindly forwards
received bits, a bridge makes intelligent
forwarding decisions based on the
destination MAC address present in a
frame. Bridge is a device of layer 2.
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Switches
A switch can dynamically learn the MAC addresses attached to various ports by looking
a the source MAC address on frames coming into a port.
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Basically, ARP is a function of the IP layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is necessary
to translate a hosts software address (IP address) to a hardware address (MAC address).
Typically, a host uses ARP to determine the hardware address of another host. Your
system maintains a table that maps IP addresses to MAC addresses of different systems
and routers on your network.
There is also another protocol within the IP layer, called RARP (Reverse ARP), which
translates a MAC Address into an IP address
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Media & Medium
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Multilayer Switches
Network Components & Transmission Basics
Router