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    Adsl

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    sohanraj samadder
    ADSL is a form of DSL technology that provides asymmetric data transmission over copper telephone lines, enabling both voice and high-speed data simultaneously. It works by separating signals into different frequency bands, with downstream data sent faster than upstream. Key components include modems on both ends and a DSLAM at the central office. While ADSL provides always-on broadband access over existing phone lines, performance declines with distance from the telephone exchange and upload speeds are slower than download speeds.

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    Adsl

    Uploaded by

    sohanraj samadder
    43 views23 pages
    ADSL is a form of DSL technology that provides asymmetric data transmission over copper telephone lines, enabling both voice and high-speed data simultaneously. It works by separating signals into different frequency bands, with downstream data sent faster than upstream. Key components include modems on both ends and a DSLAM at the central office. While ADSL provides always-on broadband access over existing phone lines, performance declines with distance from the telephone exchange and upload speeds are slower than download speeds.

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    ADSL is a form of DSL technology that provides asymmetric data transmission over copper telephone lines, enabling both voice and high-speed data simultaneously. It works by separating signals into different frequency bands, with downstream data sent faster than upstream. Key components include modems on both ends and a DSLAM at the central office. While ADSL provides always-on broadband access over existing phone lines, performance declines with distance from the telephone exchange and upload speeds are slower than download speeds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    43 views23 pages

    Adsl

    Uploaded by

    sohanraj samadder
    ADSL is a form of DSL technology that provides asymmetric data transmission over copper telephone lines, enabling both voice and high-speed data simultaneously. It works by separating signals into different frequency bands, with downstream data sent faster than upstream. Key components include modems on both ends and a DSLAM at the central office. While ADSL provides always-on broadband access over existing phone lines, performance declines with distance from the telephone exchange and upload speeds are slower than download speeds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    ADSL

    ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE


    INTRODUCTION

    • ADSL is a form of DSL, a data communications technology


    that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone
    lines

    • ADSL is capable of providing up to 50 Mbps, and supports


    voice, video and data.

    • ADSL is the #1 Broadband Choice in the World with over


    60% market share

    • ADSL is now available in every region of the world


    WHAT DOES ADSL MEAN

    • Asymmetric - The data can flow faster in one direction than the
    other. Data transmission has faster downstream to the
    subscriber than upstream

    • Digital - No type of communication is transferred in an analog


    method. All data is purely digital, and only at the end,
    modulated to be carried over the line.

    • Subscriber Line - The data is carried over a single twisted pair


    copper loop to the subscriber premises
    ADSL STANDARDS :

    Standard name Common name Downstream Upstream


    rate rate
    ITU G.992.1 ADSL (G.DMT) 8 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
    ITU G.992.2 ADSL Lite (G.Lite) 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s
    ITU G.992.3/4 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

    ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s


    ITU G.992.3/4 Annex L RE-ADSL2 5 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s
    ITU G.992.5 ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
    ITU G.992.5 Annex L RE-ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
    ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+ 28 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s
    ADSL SPEED COMPARISON

    Pure Fibre

    Hybrid Fibre/Copper
    FTTH

    Enhanced
    Copper FTTx,
    VDSL2,
    ADSL2plus
    ADSL

    ISDN
    Voice band
    Modem
    ADSL RANGE
    • In general, the maximum range for DSL without a repeater is 5.5 km
    • As distance decreases toward the telephone company office, the data rate
    increases

    Data Rate Wire gauge Wire size Distance


    1.5 or 2 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 5.5 km
    1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 4.6 km
    6.1 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 3.7 km
    1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 2.7
    • For larger distances, you may be able to have DSL if your phone company
    has extended the local loop with optical fiber cable
    ADSL SPEED FACTORS

    • The distance from the local exchange

    • The type and thickness of wires used

    • The number and type of joins in the wire

    • The proximity of the wire to other wires carrying ADSL,


    ISDN and other non-voice signals

    • The proximity of the wires to radio transmitters.


    ADSL NETWORK COMPONENTS

    • The ADSL modem at the customer premises(ATU-R)

    • The modem of the central office (ATU-C)

    • DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM)

    • Broadband Access Server (BAS)

    • Splitter - an electronic low pass filter that separates the


    analogue voice or ISDN signal from ADSL data frequencies
    DSLAM.
    ADSL LOOP ARCHITECTURE

    DSL

    Voice Switch

    ISP
    Central Office Subscriber premises
    ADSL REQUIREMENTS

    • Phone-line, activated by your phone company for ADSL

    • Filter to separate the phone signal from the Internet signal

    • ADSL modem

    • Subscription with an ISP supporting ADSL


    HOW DOES ADSL WORK
    • ADSL exploits the unused analogue bandwidth available in
    the wires

    PSTN Upstream Downstream

    4 25,875 138 1104 KHz

    • ADSL works by using a frequency splitter device to split a


    traditional voice telephone line into two frequencies
    ADSL MODULATION

    • Modulation is the overlaying of information (or the signal)


    onto an electronic or optical carrier waveform

    • There are two competing and incompatible standards for


    modulating the ADSL signal:

    • Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP)

    • Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)


    CARRIERLESS AMPLITUDE PHASE
    • Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) is an encoding method
    that divides the signals into two distinct bands:

    1. The upstream data channel (to the service provider), which is carried
    in the band between 25 and 160kHz

    1. The downstream data channel (to the user), which is carried in the
    band from 200kHz to 1.1MHz .

    • These channels are widely separated in order to minimize the


    possibility of interference between the channels.
    DISCRETE MULTI-TONE (DMT)

    • Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) separates the DSL signal so that


    the usable frequency range is separated into 256 channels of
    4.3125kHz each.

    • DMT has 224 downstream frequency bins (or carriers) and 32


    upstream frequency bins.

    • DMT constantly shifts signals between different channels to


    ensure that the best channels are used for transmission and
    reception.
    THE DMT FREQUENCY BANDS
    • Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

    • Echo Cancellation
    ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE

    • ATM is a connection-orientated technique

    • ATM provides cell sequence integrity

    • Cells are much smaller than standard packet-switched networks


    (53 bytes)

    • The quality of transmission links has lead to the omission of


    overheads

    • There is no space between cells


    TYPES OF ATM SERVICES

    • Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

    • Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

    • Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

    • Available Bit Rate (ABR)


    ATM LAYER
    • The ATM layer transport information across the network

    • ATM uses virtual connections for the information transport

    • The connections are divided into two levels:

    • The Virtual Channels

    • The Virtual Path

    • This mechanism is used to provide quality of service (QoS)


    ATM CONNECTIONS

    • The connection between two endpoints is called a Virtual


    Channel (VC).

    • A Virtual Path (VP) is a term for a bundle of virtual channel


    links that all have the same endpoints.

    • Each VC and VP has a unique identifier

    • Virtual paths are used to simplify the ATM addressing


    structure.
    ATM ADAPTATION LAYER (AAL)

    • The ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) converts information from the


    upper layers into ATM cells

    • The standard used for ATM over ADSL services is AAL5

    • AAL5 Encapsulation Methods

    • Virtual Channel Multiplexing (VCMux)


    • LLC/SNAP

    • For detailed information please refer to the RFC 1483


    ADSL PROTOCOL STACKS

    Ethernet over IP over ATM PPP over ATM PPP over Ethernet Native ATM
    ATM (EoA) (IPoA) (PPPoA) (PPPoE)
    POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL OVER
    ETHERNET OVER ATM (PPPOEOA)
    CONCLUSION: PROS & CONS

    • Why ADSL?
    • Simultaneous Internet and voice/fax capabilities over a
    single telephone line
    • Uninterrupted, high-speed Internet access that's
    always on-line
    • Cost-effective solution for society
    • Data Security that exceeds other technologies
    • Fast download speeds

    • ADSL disadvantages:
    • Distance-sensitive
    • Slower upload speeds
    • Phone line required

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