RESEARCH AND OUTPUT IN

CDI 7

Submitted to : Mrs. Michelle Marie Borce

Submitted by : MAGULLADO, JOHN RHEY P.

 A powerpoint presentation about:

1) Procedures in handling drug evidence.

2) Treatment and Rehabilitation approach applied in fighting drug
problem.
3) Law enforcement approach in fighting drug problem.
4) Major component/ chemical found in tobacco. (Site Examples).
5) Effects of tobacco smoking (give examples).
6) General Effects of Alcohol Abuse.
7) Nature of Gambling.
8) Reasons for controlling gambling.
9) Methods of gambling control.
Procedures in Handling Drug
Evidence.
 Physical evidence of various types can do must to augment the
inevitable oral evidence in a prosecution involving drugs. The
investigator should be constantly on alert to obtain physical evidence
during an inquiry for presentation in court.

Drug Seizures – one officer, preferably the officer who made the
seizure, should be detailed to take charge of the drug found.
 The following procedure should guide him:

1. Identify the seizure in some permanent way using markings or non-removable labels or
wax-sealed tie on tag.

2. The identification should give detail of the time, date and place of seizure, and the name of
the owner or suspect where an arrest had been made.

3. The officer should complete the identification of the seizure by placing his initial or signature
on the identifying label.

4. Where a suspect charged demands a sample of the seized drug for independent analysis,
the desired sample should be place in a suitable container. It should then be sealed in such a
way as to prevent tampering preferably with the signature of the suspect and the officer
appearing on the seal.

5. Where another officer later takes the seizure – as in during questioning – that drug is shown
to suspect during questioning – that officer should continue the chain of identification by
placing his initials on the label.
6. Few parties as possible should hold the seized drug. A permanent written
record of the movement of the seizure, noting time, dates and signatures or
receiving parties should be maintained.
7. As soon as after seizure, the drug should be sealed in a container in such
a way as to prevent loss or tampering with. The seal should be affixed in
such a way that it will be impossible to open the container without breaking
the seal. The seal should bear the same identification as the seizure itself.
8. The officer in the area designated by his command should retain the
seizure, the security of which will satisfy the scrutiny of the court.
9. Where the nature of the seizure requires special storage conditions or
facilities, this should be arranged and the security of the seizure maintained.
10. At the first opportunity, the officer should himself deliver
the seized drug/sto the laboratory for examination.
11. If the commitments of the officer holding the seized drug
are such that he cannot travel to the laboratory, he should
hand the same to another officer who should make the
delivery personally.
12. If personal delivery is not possible, the seized drug
should be carefully packed in a parcel, which is then sealed.
This should be adequately addressed and shipped by
certified delivery mail.
 Treatment and Rehabilitation
Approach Applied in Fighting Drug
Problem.
Assisting the Drug Abuser
1. Treatment – the medical service rendered to a client for the effective
management of physical and mental conditions related to drug abuse.
Aims of Treatment
a. To prevent death from overdose.
b. To treat complications following drug dependency.
c. To make them comfortable during the withdrawal period.
d. To encourage confirmed drug dependent clients to undergo
rehabilitation and other specialized services.
 Detoxification – it is a medically supervised elimination
of drugs from the system of any addicted person.

Methods of Detoxification
1. Cold Turkey – self drug withdrawal
2. Substitution – the use of methodex, catapress, haematin,
dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizers.
3. Reduction Method – using the same drug to which the
patient is dependent. The process could be gradual or rapid.
Methods of Rehabilitation
1. Psychotherapeutic Methods
a. Individual Therapy – this involves a one to one relationship whose aim is
to help the patient reduce his drug abusing behavior and develop insight
into his condition.
b. Group Therapy – is a form of therapy where the individual is helped
through group process.
c. Unstructured Group Therapy – the role of the therapist can be assumed
by the entire group or group members.
d. The Family Therapy – this form of intervention is based on recognition
that while the family as a primary social unit, can be a source of problem
leading to drug abuse, can also be a powerful factor in improving the
behavior of the drug dependent.
2. The Spiritual and Religious Means This is the
development of moral and spiritual values of the drug
dependent.
3. The Follow-up and After-Care The process of
rehabilitation does not end upon the release or discharge of
client from a center. After his discharge, he has to undergo
follow-up and after-care services for a period of not more
than 18 months by the appropriate center personnel. The
offices of the DSWD and the NBI are deputized agents of the
board to handle this.
Law Enforcement Approach in
Fighting Drug Problem.
 The Philippine government considers drug abuse as a multi-
faceted problem that threats the health and well-being of the Filipinos
across all levels of society. The Dangerous Drug Act (Republic Act
6425) has been created to control the drug problem. The creation of the
Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) under the law acts as the national drug
policy making and coordinating body.
Dangerous Drug Board
The Board is the highest policy-making and coordinating arm as
well as the national clearing house of all matters pertaining to law
enforcement and control of dangerous drugs, treatment and
rehabilitation of drug dependents, drug abuse prevention and
community information, research and statistics on the drug problem,
and the training of personnel engaged in the aforementioned activities.
Composition of the DDB
The Dangerous drug board is composed of six (6) officio members
of cabinet ranks with the secretary of justice as acting chairman and the
secretary of health as the vice acting chairman pursuant to
Memorandum order no. 406 dated November 12, 1996. The director of
NBI serves as the Permanent Consultant. The Executive Director is
also a Member of the Board
Functions of the DDB
1. Regulate the importation, distribution, manufacture, production, prescription, and
dispensing of dangerous drugs necessary to meet the research and medical needs of the
country.
2. Coordinate with law enforcement agencies to effect the apprehension of drug offenders
and the confiscation of dangerous drugs.
3. Take charge and custody of all dangerous drugs seized, confiscated or surrendered to any
national, provincial or local enforcement agency.
4. Develop information and education programs to make the public aware of the ill effects of
dangerous drugs and the impact of the drug problem on all aspects of national life.
5. Encourage, assist and accredit private rehabilitation centers.
6. Conduct scientific, clinical, psychological, biological and social researches related to
dangerous drugs.
Major Component/ Chemical Found in
Tobacco.
Tobacco Chemicals
The three most common components of tobacco cigarettes and cigarette smoke are:
1. Nicotine – is the most important active ingredient in controlled doses. It is an extremely toxic
substance. A typical cigarette contains 1-2mg of nicotine. When smoked, less than 1mg from
each cigarette is filtered or not depending on the characteristics of the filter, the depth and
frequency of inhalation and the length of the butt.
2. Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas similar to the gas that emanates from a car’s exhaust
pipe. It impairs the capacity of the blood to supply adequate amounts of oxygen to the vital
organs of the body. It is responsible for the shortness of breath among smokers.
3. Tar – the brownish viscous substance known to be the cancer-causing component of
tobacco smoking. Along with other noxious substances in cigarette smoking, it can lead to lung
cancer, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
The other chemicals found in tobacco are Acetone, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen
Cyanide, Methane, and Benzopyrene.
General Effects of Alcohol Abuse.
General effect on the body
1. Euphoria – feeling of well-being increased confidence, temporary relief
from fatigue, pain or depression.
2. Muscular in coordination – the depression of motor functions and causes
greater dulling of the brain that controls inhibitions. The person may become
hilarious, morose, irritable or excitable without proper cause. He may suffer from
slurred speech and staggering gait.
3. Respiratory Paralysis – if more liquor is consumed the paralysis of the
respiratory centers sets in. the person may suffer from complete in coordination of
muscles, stertorous breathing, sleep, coma, and death.
Effects on Brain and the Central Nervous System
The nerves are like telephone wires coming out of the control system in
the brain and spinal cord. They send and receive messages from all parts of
the body. Alcohol slows down the work of the brain cells and stops proper
messages being sent to the rest of the body. Alcohol stops people behaving
correctly to other people. They may do whatever comes first into their minds.
They may say things that do not make sense or behave rudely to others. They
may also have feelings of increased personal or social power. After heavy
drinking, and when the pain killing effects of the alcohol are removed, the
person may suffer from a hangover. A hangover is the word used to describe
the terrible pain and horrible effects, which follow a period of heavy drinking.
Effects on the Stomach and Intestines
Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines and makes them
sore. This can cause a burning sensation, nausea and vomiting.
Sometimes there is bleeding.
Effects on the Liver
The first thing the liver does is to turn part of the alcohol into fat.
Some of this goes into the blood, but a lot builds up in the liver cells.
After drinking six (6) medium-sized glasses of beer every day for a few
days fat is formed in the liver, the liver becomes larger. As the liver
enlarges, it changes the way other drugs and medicines work in the
body. So it can be dangerous to take medicines with alcohol.
Effects on the Heart and muscles
Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles so they become weaker
and less effective. This makes people tired and breathless.
Effects on the Blood
The activity of the liver trying to get rid of the alcohol results in many
changes to the blood-for example – blood sugar is lowered and blood fats
are increased.
Effects on the Kidneys
Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get rid of some waste
products.
Nature of Gambling.
 Gambling – is usually defined as wagering on games or
events in which chance largely determines the outcome.
Gambling – is a vice that is difficult to control. Although
the behavior pattern known as pathological compulsive
gambling does not involve chemically addictive substance,
still is considered as an addictive behavior because of the
personality attributes that tends to characterized the
individual and the similar treatment problems involved. It
also involves behavior maintained by short-term gains
despite long-term disruption of the individual’s life.
What behind this Vice?
Pathological gamblers continue to play vividly despite the awareness
that the odds are against the, and despite the fact that they are rarely or
never repeat their early success. To stake their gambling they often
dissipate their savings, neglect their families, default on bills, and borrow
money from friends and even loan. Eventually they resort to writing bad
checks, embezzlement, corruption and other illegal means of obtaining
money, feeling sure that their luck will change and that they will be able to
repay what they have taken. Whereas others view their gambling as
unethical and disruptive, they are likely to see themselves as taking
calculated risks to build a lucrative business. Often they feel alone and
resentful that others do not understand their activities (Coleman, 1980).
Reasons for Controlling Gambling.
1. It is a crime, against public morals.
2. It promotes broken family and bad neighborhood.
3. It causes poverty, dishonesty, fraud and deceit to
man.
4. It strengthens organized crimes.
5. To prevent, reduce or control crimes connected
with it
Methods of Gambling Control
Gambling Controls
At all cost, gambling must be controlled in order to
minimize the number of the group of people tended to be
rebellious and unconventional who do not seem to fully
understand the ethical norms of the society.
Legal Control
The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines punishes gambling.
Article 195 of this law penalize any person who, in any manner shall
directly or indirectly take part of any game of scheme, the result of which
depend wholly or chiefly upon chance with money or articles of monetary
value at stake. Likewise, the law also punishes any person who
knowingly permitting any form of gambling to be carried out in any place,
building or vessel or other means of transportation owned or controlled by
the accused. Furthermore, The Law punishes maintainers, conductors, or
bankers in the game of jueteng or any similar game.
 Psychotherapy Psychotherapy in gambling is an
approach based on some findings that pathological
gamblers marital relationship is generally chaotic and
turbulent, with the spouse frequently showing seriously
maladaptive patterns also.
Pathological gamblers who want to change may find
help through membership in Gamblers Anonymous, which is
modeled through the Alcoholics Anonymous.
THANK YOU 