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MOVEMENT
FORMATIONS AND
MOVEMENT
TECHNIQUES

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 MENTAL STRETCHING…

O T T F F S S E _ _ complete the missing two

letters.
Answer: N, T
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

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FSSMT__
Answer: W,T
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Roadmap

□ Definition of Terms
□ Movement Formations of Fire team, Squad, Platoon
□ Comparison between different Movement Formation
□ Individual Movement Techniques
□ Action at Danger Areas

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DEFINITION
Movement
-The shifting of forces while conducting operations in the
battlefield. This activity involves the selection of the type of
formation and technique that will be employed by leaders
which entirely dependent on the analysis of the METT-TC
factors.

Formations
-Are arrangements of elements and soldiers in relation to
each other.

Techniques
- It is the manner that a unit traverse a terrain.
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Movement formations and movement

techniques provide varying degrees of control, security and
flexibility.
MOVEMENT FORMATIONS MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

- Relatively fixed - Not fixed

-Allow the Platoon to weight its - Allow units to

maximum firepower in a desired with make contact
direction. smallesttheelementenemy with
possible.
•to allowthe to
leaders establish a fire,
base
initiateof suppressive
and attempt to maneuver. fires,

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FIRE TEAM FORMATION

FIRE TEAM WEDGE FORMATION

- It is the basic formation for fire team

Moving in more or less open terrain.
-It is used when the terrain does not
restrict the fire team to maintain
desires distances and arrangement T T
of elements A G
A G
-The interval between elements is L L
normally 10 meters. R R R R
The wedge expands and contracts M R R
depending on the terrain.
N N
-When rough terrain, poor visibility, or M
other factors make control of the
wedge difficult, fire teams modify
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FIRE TEAM FORMATION

FILE
TL
- When the terrain restrains the use of
the wedge, fire teams use the file
formation. GRN

- In the countryside where ground is

restricted by dense vegetation
visibility is limited, file formation
or AR
is preferred over the wedge.

- Rifles are pointed alternately to the

flanks for security. RFL

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COMPARISON OF FIRE TEAM

FORMATION
S
TYPE OF WHEN AND CONTROL FLEXIBILITY FIRE SECURITY
FORMATION WHERE CAPABILITIES/
NORMALLY RESTRUCTIONS
USED

Basic fire Easy Good Allow Good all

team immediate around
formation in fires in all
WEDGE open terrain directions

Close terrain, Easiest Less flexible Allow Good to the

dense than wedge immediate flanks
vegetation, fires to the
limited visibility flanks
FILE conditions

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MOVEMENT FORMATIONS

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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN COLUMN TL

GRN
- It is the A RM

squad’s most common formation RFL

particularly in open terrain.
- It provides good dispersion laterally SL

and in depth without

sacrificing control, and facilitates
maneuver. TL
- The lead fire team is the base fire
team. GRN ARM

- When the squad moves RFL

independently or as the rear element

of the platoon, the rifleman in the trail
fire team provides rear security.
15
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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN COLUMN TL

GRN
- It is the A RM

squad’s most common formation RFL

particularly in open terrain.
- It provides good dispersion laterally SL

and in depth without

sacrificing control, and facilitates
maneuver. TL
- The lead fire team is the base fire
team. GRN ARM

- When the squad moves RFL

independently or as the rear element

of the platoon, the rifleman in the trail
fire team provides rear security.
15
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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN COLUMN TL

GRN
- It is the A RM

squad’s most common formation RFL

particularly in open terrain.
- It provides good dispersion laterally SL

and in depth without

sacrificing control, and facilitates
maneuver. TL
- The lead fire team is the base fire
team. GRN ARM

- When the squad moves RFL

independently or as the rear element

of the platoon, the rifleman in the trail
fire team provides rear security.
15
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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN LINE
- The squad line provides maximum firepower to the front.
-When a squad is acting as the base squad, the fire team on the right is the
base fire team.

TL TL

AR GRN
RFL RFL GRN AR
SL

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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN LINE
- The squad line provides maximum firepower to the front.
-When a squad is acting as the base squad, the fire team on the right is the
base fire team.

TL TL

AR GRN
RFL RFL GRN AR
SL

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SQUAD FORMATION
SQUAD IN FILE
TL
- When not traveling in a column or
line, squads travel in file. GRN

- The squad file ARM

has the same
characteristics as the fire team file. RL
- If the squad leader desires
increase his to
formation,
control exert greaterover morale SL
presence by leading from the the front,
and be immediately available to TL
make key decisions, he will move GRN
forward to the first or
second position.
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COMPARISON OF SQUAD FORMATIONS

TYPE OF WHEN AND CONTROL FLEXIBILITY FIRE CAPABILITIES/ SECURITY
FORMATION WHERE RESTRUCTIONS
NORMALLY
USED

Squad Good Facilitates Allows large All around

primary maneuver, good volume of fire to
COLUMN formation dispersion the flank; limited
laterally and in volume to the
depth front
When Not good Limited Allows Good to
maximum as squad maneuver maximum the front,
LINE fire power is column capability since immediate fire little to
required to both fire teams to the front the flanks
the front are committed and rear
Close terrain, Easiest Most difficult Allows Least
dense formation from immediate fire
FILE vegetation, which to to the flank
limited maneuver
visibility
conditions Honor. Patriotism. Duty.
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MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

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SQUAD MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

TRAVELLING
- This technique is used when contact with the enemy is not likely and speed
is needed.

TL

ARM
GRN

RFL

SL

More or less 20 meters

TL

GRN A RM

RFL

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SQUAD MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

TRAVELLING OVERWATCH
- This technique is used when contact with the enemy is possible but speed
is needed.

TL

ARM
GRN

RFL

SL

More or less 50 meters

TL

GRN A RM

RFL

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SQUAD MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

BOUNDING
OVERWATC
H
(successive
bounds)

- This technique is
used when contact
is expected, when
feels the enemy
the squad leader is
near, or when large
open danger area
TL TL
must be crossed. ARM GRN
GRN A RM
RFL

SL
RFL

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SQUAD MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES

BOUNDING
OVERWATC
H
(alternating
bounds)

- This technique is
used when contact TL
is expected, when
GRN A RM
the squad
feels leader is
the enemy
near, or when large RFL
open danger area
TL
must be crossed. ARM GRN

RFL

SL

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 INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE

Individual movement techniques include the

high and low crawl and short rushes (three to
five seconds) from one covered position to
another.
Other Movement Situations. The squad can use other
formations for movement.

Movement by water. The squad avoids crossing water

obstacles when possible. Leaders should identify weak
or non-swimmers and pair them with a good swimmer in
their squad.
Movement by water.

When platoons or squads must move into, through, or out of rivers,

lakes, streams, or other bodies of water, they treat the water
obstacle as a danger area. While on the water, the platoon is
exposed and vulnerable. To offset the disadvantages, the platoon:
 Moves during limited visibility.
 Disperses.
 Camouflages thoroughly.
 Moves near the shore to reduce the chances of detection.
Movement by water.

When moving in more than one boat, the squad:

Maintains tactical integrity and self-sufficiency.

Cross loads key soldiers and equipment.
Makes sure that the radio is with the leader.
Movement by water.

If boats are not available, several other techniques can

be used such as:
Swimming.
Poncho rafts.
Air mattresses.
Waterproof bags.
A 7/16-inch rope used as a semisubmersible one-rope
bridge or safety line.
Movement during limited visibility conditions. At night
or when visibility is poor, a squad/platoon must be able
to function the same as during day. It must be able to
control, navigate, maintain security, move, and stalk at
night or during limited visibility.
Movement during limited visibility conditions.
Control. When visibility is poor, the following methods aid in control:
Selected personnel use of night vision devices.
Leaders move closer to the front.
The squad reduces speed.
Each soldier uses two small strips of luminous tape on the rear of his
helmet to allow the soldier behind him to see.
Leaders reduce the interval between soldiers and between units to
make sure they can see each other.
Leaders conduct headcounts at regular intervals and after each halt to
ensure personnel accountability.
Movement during limited visibility conditions.
Security. For stealth and security in night moves, squads and
platoons:
Designate a point man to maintain alertness.
Allow no smoking, no lights, and no noise.
Use radio-listening silence.
Movement during limited visibility conditions.
Security. For stealth and security in night moves, squads and
platoons:

Camouflage soldiers and equipment.

Use terrain to avoid detection by enemy surveillance
or night vision devices.
Make frequent listening halts.
 ACTIONS AT DANGER AREAS
(OBSTACLE CROSSING)

A danger area is any place on a route where

the leader’s estimate process tells him that his platoon
might be exposed to enemy observation, fire, or both.
Platoons try to avoid danger areas. If a platoon must
cross a danger area, it does so with great caution and
as quickly as possible.
 ACTIONS AT DANGER AREAS
(OBSTACLE CROSSING)
Types of Danger Areas
 Open areas
 Roads and trails
 Villages
 Enemy positions
 Minefields
 Streams
 Wire obstacles
 Crossing of Danger Areas

When the platoon crosses a danger area

independently or as the lead element of a larger
force, it must:
Designate near- and far-side rally points.
Secure the near side (right, left flanks, and rear
security).
Reconnoiter and secure the far side.
Execute crossing the danger area.
Crossing of Small Open Areas

This is an open area small enough so that it may be

bypassed in the time allowed for the mission. Two techniques
can be used:

Detour bypass method. By the use of 90-degree

turns to the right or left, the squad or platoon moves around
the open area until the far side is reached, then continues the
mission. The pace count of the offset and return legs is not
added to the distance of the planned route.
Crossing of Small Open Areas

Contouring around the open area. The leader

designates a rally point on the far side with the movement
azimuth, decides which side of the open area to contour
around (after considering the distance, terrain, cover and
concealment), and moves around the open area. He uses the
wood line and vegetation for cover and concealment. When
the squad or platoon arrives at the rally point on the far side,
the leader reassumes the azimuth to the objective area and
continues the mission
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SU M M A R Y

□ Definition
□ Movement Formations of Fire team, Squad, Platoon
□ Comparison between different Movement Formation
□ Movement Techniques
□ Action at Danger Area

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Questions?

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