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    Pericarditis

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    xmitchx
    The document discusses several disorders of the pericardium including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium causing chest pain. Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac. Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac. Constrictive pericarditis involves scar tissue between the pericardial layers. Treatment depends on the cause and may include analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, pericardiocentesis, or surgery.

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    Pericarditis

    Uploaded by

    xmitchx
    258 views19 pages
    The document discusses several disorders of the pericardium including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium causing chest pain. Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac. Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac. Constrictive pericarditis involves scar tissue between the pericardial layers. Treatment depends on the cause and may include analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, pericardiocentesis, or surgery.

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    The document discusses several disorders of the pericardium including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium causing chest pain. Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac. Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac. Constrictive pericarditis involves scar tissue between the pericardial layers. Treatment depends on the cause and may include analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, pericardiocentesis, or surgery.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    258 views19 pages

    Pericarditis

    Uploaded by

    xmitchx
    The document discusses several disorders of the pericardium including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium causing chest pain. Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac. Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac. Constrictive pericarditis involves scar tissue between the pericardial layers. Treatment depends on the cause and may include analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, pericardiocentesis, or surgery.

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    Pericarditis

    Disorders of the Pericardium


    Acute Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion Cardiac Tamponade
    Constrictive Pericarditis

    Acute Pericarditis
    Is a syndrome that is caused by inflammation of the parietal and visceral pericardium.

    Pericardial Effusion
    Acute pericarditis with effusion results when fluid accumulates within the pericardial sac.

    Cardiac Tamponade
    Cardiac tamponade is the compression of the heart as a result of fluid within the pericardial sac.

    Constrictive Pericarditis
    In constrictive pericarditis, scar tissue develops between visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium.

    Clinical Manifestations
    Chest pain Friction rub WBC Mild fever ECG changes

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Auscultation Chest Radiology ECG

    TREATMENT
    Treatment depends on the cause. ANALGESICS and NSAIDs CORTICOSTEROID ANTIBIOTIC PERICARDIOCENTESIS SURGICAL TREATMENT

    Nursing Management
    Positioning Psychological support Minimize complications Monitor for heart failure

    Nursing Diagnosis
    Acute pain related to inflammation of the pericardium. Goal: The patients major goal may include relief of pain and absence of complications

    Nursing Intervention
    Relief of pain by having the patients rest
    Instruct patient to restrict activity until the pain subsides

    Cardiac Tamponade
    Cardiac tamponade also known as pericardial tamponade, is an emergency condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium (the sac in which the heart is enclosed).

    Cardiac tamponade occurs when the pericardial space fills up with fluid faster than the pericardial sac can stretch. If the amount of fluid increases slowly the pericardial sac can expand to contain a liter or more of fluid prior to tamponade occurring. If the fluid occurs rapidly (as may occur after trauma or myocardial rupture) as little as 100 ml can cause tamponade.

    Pathophysiology

    The outer pericardium is made of fibrous tissue which does not easily stretch, and so once fluid begins to enter the pericardial space, pressure starts to increase.

    If fluid continues to accumulate, then with each successive diastolic period, less and less blood enters the ventricles, as the increasing pressure presses on the heart and forces the septum to bend into the left ventricle, leading to decreased stroke volume. This causes obstructive shock to develop, and if left untreated then cardiac arrest may occur (in which case the presenting rhythm is likely to be pulseless electrical activity)

    Clinical Manifestations
    Falling systolic BP Rising venous pressure Distant heart sounds

    Diagnostics
    Echocardiography, which is the diagnostic test of choice. Chest X-ray are usually sufficient to diagnose pericardial effusion.

    Treatment
    Administration of oxygen Thoracotomy Pericardiocentesis

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