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    5.5 - Screening Tools

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    Naxlice
    Screening tools are brief assessments that can identify a broad range of potential mental health issues needing further evaluation. They provide an initial overview of symptom severity across different areas to guide more in-depth assessment. Specific screening tools summarized include the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for measuring depression symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for assessing state and trait anxiety, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) for evaluating a variety of psychological symptoms. The SCL-90-R yields scores on symptomatic dimensions and global indices of distress. Interpretation of scores involves comparing them to norms for non-clinical and clinical populations.

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    5.5 - Screening Tools

    Uploaded by

    Naxlice
    44 views19 pages
    Screening tools are brief assessments that can identify a broad range of potential mental health issues needing further evaluation. They provide an initial overview of symptom severity across different areas to guide more in-depth assessment. Specific screening tools summarized include the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for measuring depression symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for assessing state and trait anxiety, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) for evaluating a variety of psychological symptoms. The SCL-90-R yields scores on symptomatic dimensions and global indices of distress. Interpretation of scores involves comparing them to norms for non-clinical and clinical populations.

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    5.5_Screening tools

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    Screening tools are brief assessments that can identify a broad range of potential mental health issues needing further evaluation. They provide an initial overview of symptom severity across different areas to guide more in-depth assessment. Specific screening tools summarized include the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for measuring depression symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for assessing state and trait anxiety, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) for evaluating a variety of psychological symptoms. The SCL-90-R yields scores on symptomatic dimensions and global indices of distress. Interpretation of scores involves comparing them to norms for non-clinical and clinical populations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    44 views19 pages

    5.5 - Screening Tools

    Uploaded by

    Naxlice
    Screening tools are brief assessments that can identify a broad range of potential mental health issues needing further evaluation. They provide an initial overview of symptom severity across different areas to guide more in-depth assessment. Specific screening tools summarized include the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for measuring depression symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for assessing state and trait anxiety, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) for evaluating a variety of psychological symptoms. The SCL-90-R yields scores on symptomatic dimensions and global indices of distress. Interpretation of scores involves comparing them to norms for non-clinical and clinical populations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Psychodiagnostic Assessment

    UNIT 5.5
    Assessment tools – screening tools

    1
    Screening tools
    ▷ Screening tools are brief, symptom-focused instruments and can be used to check for
    a broad range of possible issues that may need clinical attention.
    ▷ These tools represent a “first pass” over the variety of issues that may concern a
    person who seeks mental health assistance.
    ▷ They are meant to provide a gross indication of level of symptom severity in select
    areas and, often, to indicate where to focus subsequent assessment efforts.
    ▷ Screening measures are not validated for use as diagnostic instruments.
    ▷ Rather, these measures provide additional information on the nature and intensity of
    a client’s concerns.

    2
    Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
    ▷ The BDI is one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring attitudes
    and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961).
    ▷ It is a self-report rating inventory with 21 items and takes approximately 10 minutes
    to complete
    ▷ It might be used
    ○ to detect the possible presence of depression
    ○ to determine the baseline level of depression severity for a client
    ○ to determine the effectiveness of interventions targeted to treat the depression
    (repeated administration pre-post)

    Scoring: sum of raw scores


    14 – 19 Mild depression
    20 - 28 Moderate depression
    29 – 63 Severe depression
    3
    4
    STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI)
    ▷ The STAI (Spielberger et al., 1983) is a brief (40-item), self-report inventory that is
    sensitive to transitory episodes of anxiety (states) as well as more stable personality
    features that predispose a client to experiencing more chronic levels of anxiety
    (traits).
    ▷ Respondents are asked to respond on a 4-point scale (“Almost Never” to “Almost
    Always” for the trait scale and “Not at All” to “Very Much” for the state scale) to
    items related to their current anxiety and their general state of worry.
    Interpretation
    ▷ The interpretation is mainly composed of descriptions for the variables being
    measured. Interpretation should consider both the variable itself and the relative
    magnitude of the person’s score (Growth-Marnat & Wright, 2016)

    5
    STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI)
    Interpretation
    High T-Anxiety
    ▷ The person is likely to perceive a wide number of situations as threatening or dangerous; the person is
    especially likely to be concerned with being evaluated by other people, with corresponding threats to self-
    esteem.
    High S-Anxiety
    ▷ The person has feelings of apprehension, worry, nervousness; unpleasant, consciously perceived feelings of
    tension; the person is also likely to report corresponding activation of the autonomic nervous system.
    High S-Anxiety/Low T-Anxiety
    ▷ The anxiety the person is reporting is likely to be caused by some external threat or a current situational
    stressor. As a result, it is likely to resolve itself.
    High T-Anxiety/Low S-Anxiety
    ▷ Although the person is not currently reporting anxiety, he or she is prone to reacting to situations in such a way
    as to easily become anxious. He or she is likely to be extremely concerned with threats to self-esteem and, as a
    result, might be apprehensive in any interpersonal situation in which he or she might be judged.

    6
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    ▷ The Symptom Checklist–90–R (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1994) and its shortened
    version, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1993), are ideally suited to
    quickly assess a client’s type and severity of self-reported symptoms.
    ▷ It is not a personality measurement; but an assessment of the current level of a variety
    of symptoms experienced over a 1-week interval.
    ▷ The inventory consists of 90 items, using a 5-point scale.
    ▷ The SCL-90-R yields scores on nine scales and three global scores (Global Severity
    Index, Positive Symptom Total, and Positive Symptom Distress Index).
    ▷ Norms are differentiated by age (adolescent and adult) for nonpatients and by
    psychiatric patient status (nonpatient, inpatient, and outpatient) for adults, with each
    norm keyed by gender.
    Test-retest reliability 0.78 – 0.9
    Internal consistency 0.79 – 0.9
    7
    8
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    Global indexes

    Global Severity Index (GSI) Overall psychological distress

    Positive Symptom Distress Index


    Intensity of symptoms
    (PSDI)

    Positive Symptom Total (PST) Number of symptoms

    9
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    SCORING

    Total score of symptoms


    2. Global Severity Index (GSI)
    90
    Number of items with a value
    3. Positive Symptom Total (PST)
    different from 0

    4. Positive Symptom Distress Index GSI ∙ 90


    (PSDI) PST

    Convert to T score
    10
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    Symptomatic dimensions

    Total score of symptoms of each dimension


    Total items of each dimension

    11
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    Symptom scales
    ▷ SOM - Somatization ▷ T scores above 63 on two or more of the
    ▷ O-C - Obsessive-Compulsive dimensions suggest that the person has
    clinically significant levels of
    ▷ I-S - Interpersonal Sensitivity
    psychological distress
    ▷ DEP - Depression
    ▷ ANX - Anxiety
    ▷ HOS - Hostility
    ▷ PHOB - Phobic Anxiety
    ▷ PAR - Paranoid Ideation
    ▷ PSY - Psychoticism

    12
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R
    ▷ Search in the tables the corresponding percentile for the scores (the most proximate
    value). The tables indicate the percentile and the T value:

    ○ Percentile: indicates the percentage of subjects that score inferior in relation to


    the evaluated person. E.g. a percentile of 80 in Somatization indicates that the
    person scores higher in that domain than 80% of the referent group.

    ○ T value: T values constitute a scaled value of the score, with a mean of 50 and
    SD of 10. This means that two thirds of the population score between 40 and 60,
    and that 95% score between 30 and 70.

    ▷ A person who scores above the highest score in the table receives a percentile of 99%
    and a T value of 75.
    13
    SYMPTOM CHECKLIST–90–R

    80% 20%

    Individual´s score:
    percentile 80 14
    Healthy population - males

    Percentile

    T-score

    15
    Healthy population - females

    16
    Patients with psychosomatic-
    temporomandibular dysfunction

    17
    Psychiatric sample - males

    18
    Psychiatric sample - females

    19

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