Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 55 views

    Benzene and It's Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Irshad Khan Naushad Khan
    The document discusses benzene and its derivatives. It introduces benzene, discusses its structure and theories of structure including Kekule's structure and resonance theory. It also covers aromaticity, reactions of benzene including preparation methods, effects of substituents on orientation and reactivity, and common uses of benzene derivatives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Benzene and It's Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Irshad Khan Naushad Khan
    55 views28 pages
    The document discusses benzene and its derivatives. It introduces benzene, discusses its structure and theories of structure including Kekule's structure and resonance theory. It also covers aromaticity, reactions of benzene including preparation methods, effects of substituents on orientation and reactivity, and common uses of benzene derivatives.

    Original Description:

    Benzene and it's derivatives unit-1

    Original Title

    Benzene and it's derivatives

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses benzene and its derivatives. It introduces benzene, discusses its structure and theories of structure including Kekule's structure and resonance theory. It also covers aromaticity, reactions of benzene including preparation methods, effects of substituents on orientation and reactivity, and common uses of benzene derivatives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views28 pages

    Benzene and It's Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Irshad Khan Naushad Khan
    The document discusses benzene and its derivatives. It introduces benzene, discusses its structure and theories of structure including Kekule's structure and resonance theory. It also covers aromaticity, reactions of benzene including preparation methods, effects of substituents on orientation and reactivity, and common uses of benzene derivatives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 28

    BENZENE and

    It’s Derivatives
    Presented By:IRSHAD KHAN
    Final year B.Pharmacy

    Royal college of pharmaceutical education and


    research,Malegaon
    TABLE OF CONTENTS
    01 02
    INTRODUCTION AROMATICITY
    OF BENZENE
    03 04
    REACTION OF EFFECTS OF
    BENZENE SUBSTITUENT
    05 USES

    06 REFERENCES
    01
    INTRODUCTION
    OF BENZENE
    1.1BENZENE
    Benzene is one of the most commonly known
    aromatic compounds with chemical formula
    C6H6. (also c.a.Cyclohexatriene)
    History of Benzene:
    • Discovered in the year 1825 by Michael Faraday in
    illuminating gas.
    • 1934 Eilhardt Mitscherlich
    1.2 Nomenclature Derivative of
    Benzene
    For monosubstituted:
    For Disubstituted:
    For Polysubstituted:
    1.3.Structure of Benzene
    The chemical formula for benzene is C6H6, i.e it has 6 hydrogen- H atoms and six-
    carbon atoms and has an average mass of about 78.112. The structure has a six-carbon
    ring which is represented by a hexagon and it includes 3-double bonds. The carbon
    atoms are represented by a corner that is bonded to other atoms.
    Observation supporting unsaturation of
    Benzene:
    • Benzene can take three molecules of H in presence of catalyst.
    • Benzene resist oxidation.
    • Benzene forms Triozonide on Reaction with ozone.
    • Benzene shows substitution rather than addition reactions.

    Three theories of Benzene structure:


    • Kekule’s structure of Benzene
    • Molicular orbital theory(MOT)
    • Resonance structure of Benzene
    Kekule’s structure(1865):
    Objection of Kekule’s structure:
    • Not explain stability of Benzene.
    • Only one monosubstituted product is
    known.
    • Single and double bond oscillate.
    • Benzene is regular hexagon.
    Resonance theory of Benzene:
    To explain all the limitation of Kekule’s it has been proposed that benzene is
    resonance hybrid of all the three structures-
    Molecular orbital theory(MOT):
    02 Aromaticity
    2.1.Huckel’s rule:
    In 1931, German chemist and physicist Erich Hückel proposed a theory to help determine if a
    planar ring molecule would have aromatic properties. His rule states that if a cyclic, planar
    molecule has 4n+2 π electrons, it is considered aromatic. This rule would come to be known
    as Hückel's Rule.
    • Rules:
    • The molecule is cyclic (a ring of atoms)
    • The molecule is planar (all atoms in the molecule lie in the same plane)
    • The molecule is fully conjugated (p orbitals at every atom in the ring)
    • The molecule has 4n+2 π electrons (n=0 or any positive integer)
    Huckel Rule applied :
    3.REACTION OF BENZENE:

    3.1.Method of preparation 3.2.Reactivity of benzene


    3.1.Method of Preparation:
    Reactivity of Benzene:
    04 Effect of Substituents:

    4.1 On 4.3.Anomalo
    orientation us behaviour
    of Halogen
    4.2.On
    Reactivity
    4.1.On orientation:
    a)Ortho-para directing groups: These groups direct the incoming groups to ortho and
    para positions. for example, alkyl (R), phenyl (-ROH), halogens (-CI, -Br etc.), hydroxyl
    (-), Alkoxy (OR), amino (-NH), Anilide (-NHCOR) etc.

    b)Meta directing groups:These groups direct the incoming groups to meta position. for
    example, trialkyl ammonium ion (N+R3), nitro (NO), cyano (-CN), aldehyde (- CHO),
    ketonic (-COR), carboxylic (-COOH), sulphonic acid (SO3H).
    e.g.Ortho-para,meta directing group
    4.2.On Reactivity:
    a).Ortho para directing groups having electron
    releasing inductive effect(+I effect).
    b).Ortho para directing groups having electron
    withdrawing inductive effect(-I effect).
    c).Meta directing groups.
    4.3.Anomalous behaviour of Halogen:

    05 Uses:
    • Dichloro diphenyl Trichloro Ethane.
    • Benzene Hexachloride.
    • Saccharin.
    06 References
    1. B.S Bahl,Arun Bahl,”Text book of organic Chemistry”Eleventh edition.1967,published
    by.S.Chand and company,page.No.659.
    2. Morrison And Boyd, "Organic chemistry ”sixth edition,published by.Prentice-Hall of
    India,page.No.493-513.
    3. Varun Arora,Pragi Arora, Pharmaceutical organic chemistry-II”Edition.2019,published
    by.S.Vikas and company,page.No.1-23.
    Does anyone have any questions?

    THANKS!
    HAPPY TEACHERS
    DAY

    You might also like