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    Artificial Ground Freezing

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    Kethavath Kumar
    Artificial ground freezing is a soil stabilization technique that involves circulating a cold medium through pipes to freeze the surrounding soil from the inside out. [1] When soil freezes, the water in its pores turns to ice which binds the soil particles together into a hard mass similar to concrete. [2] The key factors that affect the freezing process are the soil type, thermal properties, moisture content, freezing temperature, and rate of freezing. [3]

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    Artificial Ground Freezing

    Uploaded by

    Kethavath Kumar
    91 views16 pages
    Artificial ground freezing is a soil stabilization technique that involves circulating a cold medium through pipes to freeze the surrounding soil from the inside out. [1] When soil freezes, the water in its pores turns to ice which binds the soil particles together into a hard mass similar to concrete. [2] The key factors that affect the freezing process are the soil type, thermal properties, moisture content, freezing temperature, and rate of freezing. [3]

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    ARTIFICIAL GROUND FREEZING

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    Artificial ground freezing is a soil stabilization technique that involves circulating a cold medium through pipes to freeze the surrounding soil from the inside out. [1] When soil freezes, the water in its pores turns to ice which binds the soil particles together into a hard mass similar to concrete. [2] The key factors that affect the freezing process are the soil type, thermal properties, moisture content, freezing temperature, and rate of freezing. [3]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    91 views16 pages

    Artificial Ground Freezing

    Uploaded by

    Kethavath Kumar
    Artificial ground freezing is a soil stabilization technique that involves circulating a cold medium through pipes to freeze the surrounding soil from the inside out. [1] When soil freezes, the water in its pores turns to ice which binds the soil particles together into a hard mass similar to concrete. [2] The key factors that affect the freezing process are the soil type, thermal properties, moisture content, freezing temperature, and rate of freezing. [3]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    ARTIFICIAL

    GROUND
    FREEZING

    PRESENTED BY
    KETHAVATH KUMAR
    GENERAL INTRODUCTION

    • Ground freezing is a soil stabilization technique carried out by continuously refrigerating the soil.
    • The method of artificial ground freezing was found out by german scientist F. Hermann poetsch,
    in 1883.
    • First used in America in Chapin Mine Company (100 feet deep).
    • Adopted to any size, shape or at any depth.
    • Frozen ground is nearly twice strong as concrete.
    • Dewatering at greater depths is uneconomical.
    PRINCIPLE OF GROUND FREEZING

    • Basic principle of ground freezing is to circulate a cold medium through a suitable pipe system,
    which cools the strata and thus converts the in- situ pore water to ice.
    • Ice is so formed bonds adjacent soil particles together and forms an impermeable structure with
    increased strength.
    • When wet soil freezes, the water present in soil pores changes from liquid to solid that turns the
    soil into a hard mass resembling concrete.
    • The strength achieved depends on freeze temperature, moisture content and the nature of the soil
    FACTORS EFFECTING

    • TYPE OF GROUND (SOIL MINEROLOGY STRUCTURE)


    • THERMAL PROPERTIES
    • MOISTURE CONTENT
    • AMOUNT OF WATER TO BE FROZEN
    • FREEZING TEMPERATURE AND RATE OF FREEZING
    • SEEPAGE VELOCITY
    PROCESS OF GROUND FREEZING
    METHODS OF GROUND FREEZING
    DIRECT METHOD
    INDIRECT METHOD
    • Two coolants are used in this method. The first is the Ammonia
    and the second coolant is Calcium Chloride(brine)
    • The ammonia is compresses in the freezing unit and passes to
    cool down. The condenser cools down the ammonia from
    gasses form to liquid form.
    • This liquid ammonia is passed and the secondary coolant is
    cooled down by the liquid ammonia.
    • The brine cooler, or evaporator, includes a series of coils for
    circulating the ammonia and helps to convert any remaining
    liquid ammonia into vapor.
    • The cooled brine solution is passed to the tubes driven parallel
    to the ground.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID NITROGEN AND BRINE

    3.MIXED METHOD:
    • The so-called mixed method uses the liquid nitrogen for the freezing phase and the brine for the
    maintenance phase. It saves time for the freezing phase compared to the brine method.
    • It can be quite expensive, since it requires the installation of a separate distribution system for both
    brine and liquid nitrogen and the use of copper pipes inside the steel freezing pipes.
    • Soil Freezing After the nitrogen freezing phase, the temperature of the copper pipes needs to be above -
    35 °C for the liquid brine to circulate, otherwise the brine could freeze into the pipes.
    CHANGES IN GROUND PROPERTIES

    • VOLUME CHANGE-FROST HEAVE FORCES


    • COMPRESSION STRENGTH
    • SHEAR BEHAVIOUR
    • PERMEABILITY
    APPLICATIONS
    Natural Groundwater Cut-off at Shallow Depth

    • Cuts off groundwater along sides and bottom to eliminate


    dewatering. Manifold
    • Provides stable shoring with no internal bracing or struts.
    • Batter freeze pipe can be used to allow heavy construction
    traffic along the top of the wall.
    APPLICATIONS

    TUNNELLING

    • Provides stable shoring to allow tunnelling


    in wet, loose soils or fractured bedrock.
    • Effective for cutting off ground water into
    tunnel excavation.
    • Frozen soil/rock can be used as shoring
    around unfrozen soil or the entire soil/rock
    mass can be frozen
    APPLICATIONS
    GROUND WATER CUTOFF WALL
    • A frozen soil cut-off can be used to prevent
    groundwater from entering open pit mines,
    gravel pits, landfills and other similar
    facilities that are below groundwater.

    • Eliminates or greatly reduces the need for


    dewatering.
    • Can also be used to stop the migration of
    contaminated groundwater near streams or
    lakes.
    • Maintenance of a buried frozen soil cutoff is
    relatively inexpensive making it competitive
    for long-term cut-offs.
    PICTURES OF GROUND FREEZING
    THANK YOU😀

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