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His Story of His 4th
Voyage.
Christopher Columbus
Group Members

Ariel Williams
Mortimer Duke
Keanna Greaves
Kfieyah Sobers
Kassia Dookie
Arysh Ragunauth
 Table of contents
Brief Introduction of
Christopher Columbus
01 Introduction and some brief context
on his fourth voyage.

Motivations For the Fourth Factors, Economic,

02 Voyage
Political and Personal
Motivations.

Preparation for the

03 Preparation and Departure Voyage and the
challenges faced.
Planned Route for the
Route And Early Fourth Voyage and his
04 initial encounters and
Discoveries. discoveries.
 Table of Contents
Formidable Challenges
05 Challenges faced encountered during the
Voyage.

Explorations In Central The Exploration of

06 America.
Columbus Activities
and its impact.

The long term impact

07 Legacy and Significance. of his fourth voyage
and its controversies.

08 ACTIVITY TIME A Q&A

 Table of Contents
Sites where we got the
09 References Information.
 Introduction
Christopher Columbus was a celebrated explorer of the Age of
Exploration, credited with initiating European exploration and
colonization of the Americas. His four voyages occurred between
1492 and 1504. Columbus's fourth voyage took place from 1502 to
1504. By this time, he had already completed his famous first voyage
in 1492, which led to the discovery of the Caribbean islands. His
subsequent voyages aimed to further explore and establish
settlements in the New World. The fourth voyage, however, was
distinct due to its challenging and less successful nature.
In the broader timeline of Columbus's explorations, the fourth voyage
marked a period of frustration and disappointment. It highlighted the
difficulties explorers faced during the Age of Exploration, including
the limitations of their knowledge and the risks they undertook.
Despite the challenges, Columbus's explorations left a lasting impact
on world history by opening up the Americas to further European
exploration and colonization.
Christopher Columbus
 Motivations & Factors
Christopher Columbus's fourth expedition, which took place from 1502 to
1504, was driven by a combination of economic, political, and personal
motivations:

**Economic Motivations**

Wealth & Trade

Columbus had personal ambitions to
amass wealth and believed that the
newly discovered lands held vast
treasures. He hoped to find the fabled
riches of Asia, including gold, spices,
and other valuable commodities, to
benefit both himself and the Spanish
crown.
 Motivations & Factors
**Political Motivations**

Restoring His Reputation Political Influence

After the disappointments and Columbus had influential backers at
controversies of his third voyage, the Spanish court, including Queen
Columbus sought to restore his Isabella. He wanted to demonstrate
tarnished reputation. He was the value of further exploration to
determined to prove that the lands he maintain their support and secure his
had discovered were part of a viable position as the governor of the newly
route to Asia, which would bring discovered territories.
prestige to himself and Spain.
 Motivations & Factors
**Personal Motivations**

Quest for Glory Religious Zeal

Columbus was driven by a deep Columbus was also guided by
desire for personal glory and religious fervour. He believed he had
recognition as a successful explorer. a divine mission to spread
He hoped that a successful fourth Christianity to the lands he
voyage would cement his place in encountered and sought to find new
history. converts among the indigenous
populations.
Preparation for the 4th Voyage
To understand the context of Columbus's fourth voyage, one
must consider his background. By 1502, Columbus's health
was deteriorating, and his reputation had diminished.
Nonetheless, he sought royal support to organize another
expedition, this time aiming to discover a westward route to
Asia. His request for backing found favor with the Spanish
Crown, particularly with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella,
although it was marked by less enthusiasm than his earlier
voyages.
For this voyage, Columbus was provided with a fleet of four
ships. These vessels were the Santiago, the Capitana (also
known as the Santa Maria), the Gallega, and the Vizcaina. In
terms of the crew, Columbus assembled a mix of experienced
sailors, including many who had accompanied him on
previous voyages. However, he also included a contingent of
convicts and prisoners who were promised freedom in
exchange for their service.
Departure for the 4th Voyage
On May 11, 1502, Columbus set sail on his fourth voyage,
commencing a journey fraught with challenges. His route took him
along the coast of Central America, exploring regions that now
comprise parts of present-day Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, and Panama.
Columbus and his crew encountered numerous trials during this
expedition. Severe storms tested the limits of the ships, and mutinies
among the crew further strained the voyage. Adding to the adversity,
Columbus's health continued to deteriorate.
Despite these hardships, the explorer persevered, making significant
contributions to geographical knowledge. He reached the coast of
Honduras, explored the Bay Islands, and made his way to the Isthmus
of Panama. Throughout these explorations, he interacted with
indigenous peoples, adding to the growing body of knowledge about
the New World.
Ultimately, Columbus's fourth voyage did not yield the success or
glory of his earlier journeys. His primary goal of discovering a direct
westward route to Asia remained elusive. In 1504, he returned to
Spain, his health significantly deteriorated, marking the end of his
The Route for The 4th Voyage
Columbus's fourth voyage departed from Cadiz, Spain, on May 11,
1502. Unlike his previous journeys, this voyage took a more southerly
route. Columbus navigated along the coast of Central America,
exploring regions that now encompass modern-day Panama, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

One significant feature of this voyage was Columbus's encounter with

the Isthmus of Panama, which he referred to as the "Land of Grace." His
intention was to find a westward passage to Asia. This isthmus held
promise, as he believed it might lead to the riches of the Far East, but it
ultimately proved to be a barrier.
Discoveries of the 4th Voyage
As Columbus and his crew sailed along the coasts of Central America, they
made several early discoveries that added to the growing knowledge of the
New World. Among these were the Bay Islands in present-day Honduras,
which Columbus explored in great detail. He noted the abundant natural
resources and the potential for trade, especially in the valuable hardwoods
found on the islands.
Columbus also ventured into the territory of present-day Nicaragua. While
he didn't make any major discoveries there, his voyages and interactions
with indigenous peoples contributed to a better understanding of the
geography and cultures of the region. One of the most significant early
discoveries of Columbus's fourth voyage was the sighting of the Bocas del
Toro, the Gulf of Darien, and the Isthmus of Panama. These landmarks were
crucial in his pursuit of a westward route to Asia. However, Columbus was
unable to find the elusive passage he sought.
The explorer's interactions with indigenous populations during these early
discoveries provided valuable insights into the native peoples, their
customs, and the potential for trade in the region. These encounters laid the
groundwork for future exploration and colonization by the Spanish.
Challenges of the 4th Voyage
❏ Wind resistance- Columbus’ ships relied on their sail for movement, so wind
resistance slowed the ships significantly. The wind also could send the ships in a
completely different direction and led to him being stranded on Jamaica.

❏ Erratic Weather Conditions- He had to face the severe hurricanes, storms and
whirlpools of the Atlantic during his voyage. These harsh weather conditions
damaged Columbus’ ships, making his journey more difficult to manage
.
❏ Resistance from Indigenous tribes- Hostile behaviour from Indigenous
Populations limited his exploration of certain areas. Some Spaniards treated the
Arawaks with cruelty, causing them to resent Columbus and his crew. The conflict
that arose complicated his mission.

❏ Malnutrition- Columbus also had to deal with food spoilage, which heavily
affected his limited food supply. This led to the malnutrition of many
crewmembers, weakening his expedition.
 Challenges of the 4th Voyage
❏ Diseases- While at sea, many crewmembers succumbed to diseases such as
malaria and yellow fever. This was often a major cause for the loss of many
crewmembers.

❏ Uncharted Waters- At the time of his voyage, Columbus had little to no

knowledge of the terrain and locations of the areas he sailed to. This made
navigation of the land and sea difficult, as well as reducing his progress.

❏ Shipwrecks- The deteriorating condition of Columbus’ ships led to some of

them
crashing or sinking. These events caused a loss of resources and death of
Crewmembers.

❏ Mutiny in Crewmembers- Columbus' crew was increasingly discontented,

and
mutiny was a difficult challenge to overcome. Many crewmembers had endured
similar hardships on past voyages but unlike Columbus, were reluctant to
continue.
Explorations in Central America
During Christopher Columbus's fourth voyage, he embarked on
explorations in various parts of Central America, including Panama,
Honduras, and Nicaragua. In Panama, Columbus arrived at the mouth of
the Rio Belén in 1502. He believed he was on the cusp of reaching the
Asian mainland, as the landscape seemed promising for his quest. He
extensively explored the Gulf of Darien, which is now a part of modern-
day Panama, hoping to find the elusive westward passage to Asia. In
Honduras, Columbus encountered the Miskito Indians, providing him
with valuable insights into the local indigenous cultures and the diversity
of the Americas. Along the coast of present-day Nicaragua, Columbus and
his crew conducted coastal explorations, although no major discoveries or
significant interactions are extensively documented. Despite not
achieving his intended goal of finding a direct route to Asia, Columbus's
explorations in Central America during his fourth voyage left an indelible
mark on the understanding of the New World and paved the way for
future expeditions in the region.
 Legacy and Significance
Columbus journey to the Americas opened the way for European countries to colonize and
exploit those lands and their people trade as soon as established between Europe and
Americas plants native to the Americas such as potatoes tomatoes and tobacco were imported
to Europe .
The fourth voyage of Columbus had several long-term impacts on European exploration and
colonization in the Americas.

Indigenous impact: Columbus fourth voyage had a devastating impact on the indigenous
population, as they introduced new diseases, such as smallpox, influenza, measles and
chickenpox. Having developed immunity to thus diseases, Europeans were largely unaffected,
but indigenous Americans lacked immunity and suffered devastating losses. With millions
succumbing to illness, estimates suggest that these diseases wiped out at least 50-90% of the
indigenous population, resulting in the death of approximately 15-16 million people.
Paradoxically, this contact led to population growth, on both sides of the Atlantic and
exchange of diverse crops, including new varieties of corn and livestock, corn , potatoes and
tomatoes were highly productive and became essential crops. They also disrupted existing
societies. This disruption facilitated the eventual colonization of the Americas as the
indigenous populations were decreased internal conflicts and diseases.
 Legacy and Significance
Shift in Focus: Columbus’s fourth voyage marked a shift from his earlier voyages, as he
explored the coast of Central and South America, including present-day Venezuela and
Panama. This shift expanded European knowledge of the New World, encouraging
subsequent explorers to venture further south and west.

Inspiration for Future Explorations: Although Columbus’s fourth voyage did

not lead to immediate colonization efforts, the knowledge gained from this voyage, including
geographical information and encounters with indigenous peoples, inspired other explorers
like Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who would later cross the Isthmus of Panama and become the
first European to reach the Pacific Ocean. These subsequent explorations laid the foundation
for future Spanish conquests in the Americas.

Christopher Columbus’s legacy in contemporary times is a subject of significant controversy

and debate. He is remembered as a daring and path-breaking explorer who transformed The
New World, yet his actions also unleashed changes that would eventually devastate the native
populations he and his fellow explorers encountered. Historians argued that Columbus did
not “discover” the continent. The Indigenous people had been living in the Americas long
before his arrival. He was also not the first European to reach North America. Norse explorer
Leif Erikson established a European settlement in Greenland in AD980.
 Legacy and Significance
Columbus as a Historical Figure: Some argue that Columbus was a product of his time and should
be judged in the context of the 15th century. They contend that he was an explorer who
inadvertently initiated significant historical changes, including the Columbian Exchange, which
exchanged goods, culture, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.

Historical Complexity: There is debate over how Columbus should be remembered. While some
focus on the negative consequences of his voyages, others highlight the complex and multifaceted
nature of his legacy. They acknowledge the atrocities but also recognize the impact of his
expeditions on world history, such as the exchange of plants, animals, and cultures.
ACTIVITY
TIME
 REFERENCES
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Greenwood Publishing Group.

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🜊 The long-term Consequences of Christopher Columbus’ Encounters. (2020,).

🜊 (n.d.). Christopher Columbus. Royal Museums Greenwich.

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/christopher-columbus.

🜊 History.com Editors. (2009, November 9). Christopher Columbus. History.com; A&E Television NetworkS

https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus
 REFERENCES
🜊 Valerie I.J. Flint. (2018). Christopher Columbus | Biography, Voyages, & Facts. In Encyclopædia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus

🜊 Third Voyage of Columbus. (n.d.). Www.history central.com.

https://www.historycentral.com/explorers/Columbus3.html

🜊 Christopher Columbus - 2nd Voyage. (n.d.). Www.christopher-Columbus.eu.

https://www.christopher-columbus.eu/voyage-2.htm