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    Digestive System

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    Asiya Asi
    The digestive system begins with the oral cavity where teeth grind food and saliva contains enzymes to begin digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristalsis. The stomach mixes food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest proteins. The small intestine further digests food with pancreatic juices and absorbs nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and vitamins and contains waste before it is expelled through the rectum and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas also aid digestion.

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    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Asiya Asi
    9 views21 pages
    The digestive system begins with the oral cavity where teeth grind food and saliva contains enzymes to begin digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristalsis. The stomach mixes food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest proteins. The small intestine further digests food with pancreatic juices and absorbs nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and vitamins and contains waste before it is expelled through the rectum and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas also aid digestion.

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    The digestive system begins with the oral cavity where teeth grind food and saliva contains enzymes to begin digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristalsis. The stomach mixes food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest proteins. The small intestine further digests food with pancreatic juices and absorbs nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and vitamins and contains waste before it is expelled through the rectum and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas also aid digestion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views21 pages

    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Asiya Asi
    The digestive system begins with the oral cavity where teeth grind food and saliva contains enzymes to begin digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristalsis. The stomach mixes food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest proteins. The small intestine further digests food with pancreatic juices and absorbs nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and vitamins and contains waste before it is expelled through the rectum and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas also aid digestion.

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    Digestive system

    Oral cavity
    Oral cavity
    • It is the first part of the digestive system
    • Structures in the mouth that aids in digestion are:
    - Teeth : cut and grind food .
    - Salivary gland : secrete saliva into the oral cavity .
    - Saliva : moistens the food and contains enzymes that help in the
    digestion of food .
    Oesophagus
    • Tube connecting mouth to stomach .
    • It goes behind trachea :The wind pipe
    • It has epiglottis which prevents food
    from entering trachea.
    • Food passes through trachea through
    Peristalsis.
    • Oesophageal sphincter: Food has to pass through a valve at the lower
    end of oesophagus to reach stomach.

    • It prevents stomach acids from flowing back into the oesophagus.


    Stomach
    • J shaped muscular sac.
    Function: performs mechanical digestion by mixing it with gastric juices secreted from
    the stomach lining.

    Gastric juices: HCL,Enzymes,water and mucus

    HCL: Hydrochloric acid:


    1.Antiseptic and antibacterial action
    2.stimutales secretion of pancreatic juice and bile
    3.helps in absorption of Iron and Ca.
    4.provides medium necessary for the action of pepsin on proteins.
    Splits
    proteins

    Action
    of
    Pepsin

    Helps to
    digest
    collagen
    • Mucus : saves the stomach lining from the destructive action of HCL.

    • Bolus is now called Chyme.


    • Pyloric Sphincter : Chyme when passes from stomach to small intestine
    has to pass through a muscular sphincter called Pyloric sphincter.
    Small Intestine
    Responsible for the complete digestion of all macromolecules and
    absorption of
    • Glucose
    • Fatty acids
    • Amino acids
    Parts of small intestine.

    1. Duodenum
    2. Jejunum
    3. Ileum
    Duodenum
    • First U shaped part
    • Around 30 cm in length
    • Enzymes are secreted into duodenum from pancreas and gall bladder.
    • It is lined by folds of tissue called Villi. Villi contains microvilli.
    • This increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
    Jejunum
    • Around 2.5 m long
    • Its role is absorption of nutrients

    ILEUM
    • Around 3m long.
    • Has fewer villi and microvilli than other parts
    • Responsible for pushing the waste materials into large intestine.
    Functions of small intestine

    • 90% of digestion and absorption occur here


    • Digestion of proteins - with the help of trypsin and chymotrypsin
    secreted from pancreas
    • Digestion of fat -with the help of lipases
    • Digestion of carbohydrates -with the help of pancreatic amylases
    • Absorption of almost all nutrients.
    Large intestine
    Parts
    1. Caecum
    2. Colon – ascending colon
    1. – ascending colon
    - Transverse colon
    - Transverse- colon
    Descending colon
    - Sigmoid colon
    - Descending colon
    - Sigmoid colon
    3. Rectum
    • Caecum
    - first part
    - looks like a pouch
    - Passes digested matter from small intestine to colon
    • Colon
    major part of large intestine
    it has 4 parts
    – ascending colon
    - Transverse colon
    - Descending colon
    - Sigmoid colon
    • Rectum
    Final part of large intestine
    Left over waste collects here
    Emptied through anus
    Functions of large intestine

    • Absorption of water
    • Absorption of vitamins
    • Reduce acidity
    • Protects from infections: prevents harmful bacteria from reentering
    body
    • Produce antibodies to boost immunity
    Accessory organs of digestive system
    • Liver
    • Gall bladder
    • Pancreas
    Liver
    Functions
    • It secretes bile
    • Breaks down old red blood cells
    • Metabolism of fats,proteins and carbohydrates
    • Hemopoesis in fetus
    • Synthesis if glucose
    • Storage of glycogen,aminoacids and Vit B12,Aand D
    Gall bladder
    • Storage of bile
    • Bile emulsifies fat in digested food
    • Assists in absorption of fat
    Pancreas
    • Secretes a number of different enzymes into small intestine
    • Role in digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
    • It neutralizes HCL from stomach and changes the PH of small intestine
    to alkaline

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